Huawei Transmission ( HRAN ) Training

SDH Frame Structure

Frame = 125 us
From ITU-T G.707:

1. One frame lasts for 125

microseconds (8000 frames/s)

123456789
2. Rectangular block structure 9
rows and 270 columns (Basic
frame: STM-1)
3. Each unit is one byte (8 bits) 9 rows
4. Transmission mode: Byte by
byte, row by row, from left to
right, from top to bottom

270 Columns
Bit rate of STM-1= 9*270*8*8000

Page2
SDH Frame Structure
Frame = 125 us

l Three parts:

123456789
RSOH
p
SOH
AU-PTR Information
9 rows
p AU-Pointer Payload
MSOH
p Information
Payload
9

270 Columns

Page3
SDH Frame Structure
Information Payload
√ Also known as Virtual Container level 4 (VC-4)
√ Used to transport low speed tributary signals
√ Contains low rate signals and Path Overhead (POH)
√ Location: rows #1 ~ #9, columns #10 ~ #270
LPOH, TU-PTR

RSOH
package
AU-PTR HPOH
9 rows Payload low rate signal

MSOH package

LPOH, TU-PTR
9 1 Data
package
270 Columns

Page4
SDH Frame Structure
Section Overhead
Functions: Fulfills the section layer OAM

Types of Section Overhead

123

RSOH
1. RSOH monitors the regenerator
56789

AU-PTR Information section

9 rows 2. MSOH monitors the multiplexing
Payload section
MSOH Location:
3. RSOH: rows #1 ~ #3,
columns #1 ~ #9
2. MSOH: rows #5 ~ #9,
9
columns #1 ~ #9
270 Columns

Page5
SDH Frame Structure
AU-PTR

Function: RSOH
Indicates the first byte of VC4
4 AU-PTR Information 9 rows
Location:
row #4, columns #1 ~ #9 Payload
MSOH

J1

270 Columns

Page6
Overheads

Overheads

Section Overhead Path Overhead

(SOH) (POH)

Multiplex Section High Order Path Low Order Path

Regenerator Section
Overhead Overhead Overhead
Overhead (RSOH)
(MSOH) (HPOH) (LPOH)

Page7
Overheads
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1
A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 X X J1
2
RSOH

B1 ● ● E1 ● F1 X X B3
3

HPOH: VC-3/4
4 D1 ● ● D2 ● D3   C2
5 AU-PTR
G1
6
B2 B2 B2 K1 K2
MSOH

7 F2
8 D4  D5 D6
H4
9 D7 D8 D9
F3
D10 D11 D12 
● Media dependent bytes (Radio-link, Satellite) K3
S1
X Reserved for National use M1 E2 V5 J2 N2 K4
 Huawei propriety bytes LPOH: VC-11/12 N1

Page8
A1 and A2 Bytes
• Framing Bytes
• Indicate the beginning of the STM-N frame
• Bytes are unscrambled
• A1 = f6H (11110110), A2 = 28H (00101000)
• STM-N: (3XN) A1 bytes, (3XN) A2 bytes

STM-N STM-N STM-N STM-N STM-N STM-N

Finding frame head

Page9
A1 and A2 Bytes Frame

N over 625μs
Find (5 frames)
A1,A2

OOF
Y
over 3ms

LOF

Next AIS
process

Page10
D1 ~ D12 Bytes
• Data Communications Channel (DCC)
Bytes
• RS-DCC – D1 ~ D3 – 192 Kbit/s (3x64 Kbit/s)
• MS-DCC – D4 ~ D12 – 576 Kbit/s (9x64
Kbit/s)

NE NE NE NE

DCC channel
TMN OAM Information: Operation, Administration and
maintenance

Page11
Path Overheads
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 J1 VC-n Path Trace Byte

2 R S O H B3 Path BIP-8

3 C2 Path Signal Label

4 A U–P T R G1 Path Status
5 F2
Path User Channel
6 TU Multiframe Indication
H4
7 M S O H F3
Path User Channel
8 AP Switching
K3
9 Network Operator
N1
Higher Order Path Overhead

Page12
J1 Byte
• Path trace byte
• The first byte of VC-4 Detect J1
• User-programmable
(HUAWEI SBS)
• The received J1 should match
N Y
the expected J1 Match

Next
HP-TIM process

Page13
Overhead management in U2000
Overhead management in U2000
PRBS Test
Creating a SDH Trail
Creating a SDH Trail
• A VC4 server trail is used to carry the VC12 and VC3 trails between the
NEs. Before creating a VC12 or VC3 trail, you need to create
a VC4 server trail between the NEs.
 Features of the OptiX OSN 3500
 The OSN3500 is an STM-64 MSTP equipment.
 Dimensions (mm): 498 (W) x 287 (D) x 700 (H)
 It can be housed in a 300 mm deep ETSI cabinet. A 2200 mm
cabinet can house two OSN3500 subracks.
 Based on the specifications of the cross-connect boards, the OSN
3500 is classified into configuration I (with the capacity of 40G)
and configuration II (with the capacity of 80G) to meet the
requirements of networks with different capacity.
 The service slots are sufficient. A maximum of 15 slots are
available for service processing boards.
 Powerful capability of adding or dropping tributary services.
There are 16 slots for tributary interface boards. A subrack can
add or drop 504 x2M services, 32 x E4 services, and 48 xE3/DS3
services. Provides STM-1/4/16/64 rate.
 Provides abundant service interfaces: E1/T1, E3/T3, E4, STM-1(E),
STM-1/4/16/64, FE, GE, ATM, SAN, and built-in WDM.
 Supports adding or dropping extra services to or from the
extended frame. Connects to the mainframe through a cable.
Hence, the cost is minimized for the OSN 3500 of version R2.

Page 19
 Structure of the OptiX OSN3500

Interface slots
(19-26, 29-36) Auxiliary unit (37)

PIU slots (27/28)

Fan boxes (38-40)

Service slots
(1-8, 11-17)

Fiber routing area SCC slots (17/18)

Air filter Cross-connect slots (9/10)

Page 20
 OSN 3500 System Configuration I
(Cross-Connect Board: GXCSA)
 The system is an STM-16 multi-ADM
configuration. Each system supports three S
L
S
L
S
L
S S S S S S S S O O S S S S S S S S O
2.5G two-fiber MSP rings. L L L L L L L L
O O O O O O O O
T
27
T
28
L L L L L L L L T
O O O O O O O O 37
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
 The system can be smoothly upgraded to 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 P
I
P
I
29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 A
U
U U X
the STM-64 system. You can add an STM-
64 line card to configuration I directly. SLOT 38 SLOT 39 SLOT 40
FAN FAN FAN

Alternatively, upgrade to configuration II S S

S S S S S L L S S S S S
by replacing the cross-connect board. L L L L L S S
O O O O O L L
S
L
O O
S S S L
L L L O O
L
O
L
O
L
O
L
T T
T T T T T O O O O O O T T T
9 10 T T
 The cross-connect board supports 256 x 1 2 3 4 5 T T T
6 7 8
G G
T T T 14
11 12 13
6
15

6 6
16
17 18
6 6 6 6 6

256 VC4 (40G), 96 x 96 VC-3 (5G) / 2016 x 2 2 2 2 2 2.5 2.5 10 X 2 2 S S

X
10 2.5 2.5 2
2 2 2 2 2 C C 2 2 2 C C
G G G G G G
M M M M M S S M M M C C

2016 (5G) VC-12 non-blocking cross- A A

Fiber routing panel

connections.
 The system supports six STM-16 slots,
two STM-64 slots, and eight 622M slots.

Page 21
 OSN 3500 System Configuration II
(Cross-Connect Board: EXCSA ）
 The system is an STM-64 multi-ADM
S S S
configuration. It also supports one STM-64 S S S S S S S S
L
O O
L
S S S S S S S S O
L

four-fiber ring and one 2.5G four-fiber ring. O

L L L
O O O
L L
O
L L
O O O
L T
27
T
28 O
L L L
O O O
L L
O
L L
O O
L
O
T
37
T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 P P 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 A
 The system grooms lower order services I I U
U U X
and directly adds/drops 2M services.
 The cross-connect board supports the SLOT 38 SLOT 39 SLOT 40

cross-connect capacity of 512 x 512 VC-4s FAN FAN FAN

(80G), 96 x 96 VC-3s (5G)/2016 x 2016 VC- S S S S

S
L
S
L
S S L
S
S
L L L L S S S S S S S S L L O
12s (5G) . O
T
O
T
O
T
O
T
L L L L
O O O O
O
T
O
T
O
L
O
L
O
L L O O T
O T T 17
O
L

1 2 3 4 9 10 15 16 T
T T T T T T T T
S 18
 Lower order grooming can be smoothly 1
.
1
.
1
.
1
.
5 6 7 8
E
X
E
X
11 12 13 14 1 1 C
. . C S
2 2.5 2.5 10 10 10 10 2.5 2.5 2 2 /
upgraded to 8064 x 8064 VC-12s/VC-3
2 2 2 C C C
5 5 5 5 G G G G G G G G 5 5 1.
S S G G 25
C
G G G G
A A
s(20G).
G

Fiber routing panel

 The system supports four STM-64 slots,

Note: When configuring the
four STM-16 slots, and seven 1.25G slots. 60G cross-connect board, you
can also insert the service
board into slot 17.

Page 22
 OA&M Interfaces of the OptiX OSN 3500
NIAUX
AUX
STAT

ETH port: NMS interface (adaptive

C L K O 1C L K O 2


C L K I1 C L K I2
straight through cables and crossover
cables)

CLK2 ETH
CLK1 REV
 COM port: Commissioning LAN
(Adaptive adaptive straight through

COM
F&f

cables and crossover cables ）

EXT
F1

 Two 75-ohm/120-ohm clock inputs and

PHONE V1

L A M P 1L A M P 2A L M O 1A L M O 2
outputs
 One orderwire phones and two NNI
V2
OAM

phones
A L M I1 A L M I2 A L M I3 A L M I4

 F1 data interface with the same phase

S1
S2

 Four auxiliary data interfaces S1–S4

S3

(RS-232 /422)
S4

NIAUX
 16 alarm inputs and four alarm outputs

Page 23
Classification of Boards
• Cross-Connect Boards and System Control Boards
• Packet Processing Boards
• Packet Interface Boards
• SDH Boards
• PDH Boards
• EoS Boards
• EoD Boards
• Power Boards
Cross-Connect Boards and System Control Boards
(SXCSA)
• The SXCSA is a super cross-connect and synchronous timing board.
• Realizes 200 Gbit/s higher order cross-connection at the VC-4 level, 20
Gbit/s lower order cross-connection at the VC-3 or VC-12 level, and
155 Gbit/s access.
• The SXCSA must be installed in a valid slot in the subrack. Otherwise,
the SXCSA cannot work normally.
• The SXCSA can be installed in slots 9 and 10 in the subrack. By default,
slot 9 houses the active board and slot 10 houses the standby board.
Cross-Connect Boards and System Control Boards
(PSXCS(A))
Cross-Connect Boards and System Control Boards
(PSXCS(A))

• The PSXCS(A) can be installed in slots 9 and 10 in the subrack.

• By default, slot 9 is the slot for the working board, and slot 10 is the
slot for the protection board.
Cross-Connect Boards and System Control Boards
(GSCC)
• The GSCC is the intelligent system control board. The GSCC works with
the to manage the boards on the equipment and realize the
communication between different pieces of equipment.

• The GSCC can be installed in slots 17 and 18 in the subrack. By

default, slot 18 houses the active board and slot 17 houses the
standby board.
Packet Processing Boards (PEX1)
• Provides one 10GE optical port to receive/transmit and process 1x10
GE services independently.

• Slot 1: 5 Gbit/s
• Slot 3: 7.5 Gbit/s
• Slot 5, 7, 11, or 13: 10 Gbit/s
• Slot 15: 7.5 Gbit/s
Packet Processing Boards (PEX2)
• Receives/Transmits and processes 2x10 GE services.

• Slots 1-3, and 16 (2.5 Gbit/s)

• Slots 4-6 and 13-15 (5 Gbit/s)
• Slots 7 and 12 (10 Gbit/s)
• Slots 8 and 11 (20 Gbit/s)
Packet Processing Boards (PEG8)
• Provides eight GE optical/electrical ports on the front panel to
receive/transmit and process 8xGE signals.

• The PEG8 can be installed in slots 1–6, and 13–16 in the subrack.
• When the PEG8 is installed in slots 1-3, and 16, the bandwidth is 2.5
Gbit/s.
• When the PEG8 is installed in slots 4-6 and 13-15, the bandwidth is 5
Gbit/s.
Packet Processing Boards (PEG16)
• Receives/Transmits and processes 16xGE services.

• The PEG16 occupies two slots and can be installed in any two
adjacent slots among slots 1–6 and 13–16.
Packet Interface Boards
• PETF8
• Receives/Transmits and processes 8xFE electrical signals.

• The PETF8 can be installed in slots 19–26, and 29–36 in the subrack.

• PEFF8
• Receives/Transmits and processes 8xFE optical signals.

• The PEFF8 can be installed in slots 19–26, and 29–36 in the subrack.
Packet Interface Boards (CQ1)
• The CQ1 receives four-port channelized STM-1 services, and works
with the PEG8 to process CES service signals.
Packet Interface Boards (CQ1)
Packet Interface Boards (MD12 & MD75)
• The MD12 receives and transmits 32xE1 signals and works with the
PEG8 to process E1 CES
• Supports 120-ohm E1 electrical interface. The electrical interface uses
the DB44 connector.

• Transmits and receives 32xE1 signals, and works with the PEG8 to
process E1 CES
• Supports 75-ohm E1 electrical interface. The electrical interface uses
the DB44 connector.
SDH Boards
• SL1 : Transmits and receives 1xSTM-1 optical signals.
• SLQ1: Transmits and receives 4xSTM-1 optical signals.
• SLO16: Transmits and receives 8xSTM-16 optical signals.
• SLT1: Transmits and receives 12xSTM-1 optical signals.
• SLH1: Processes 16xSTM-1 signals.
• SEP1
• Processes 2xSTM-1 signals when the interfaces are available on the front panel.
• Processes 8xSTM-1 or 4xSTM-1 signals when the SEP1 works with an interface
board.
PDH Boards
• The PQ1 is a PDH processing board. The PQ1 can be used on the OptiX
OSN equipment series to add and drop PDH signals. To transmit/receive
and process 63xE1 signals, the PQ1 must be used with the interface
board.

• The PQ1 can be installed in slots 1–5 and 13–16 in the main subrack.
EOS Boards s and ev ents
to SCC

th e alarm
R eport
Collect alarms and
performance events

GFP-F
FE
N
N×VC12/VC3/ Send services to the cross-
VC4
X
VC4 connect unit
FE
GE

VCTRUNK

External physical port

EoS Boards
• EGS2
• Processes 2xGE services.
• Bound bandwidth : 48xVC-3, or 252xVC-12 + 36xVC-3.

• EAS2
• Receives/Transmits 2x10 GE Ethernet services.
• Bound bandwidth : 64xVC-4 or 192xVC-3
 EOS Boards
Unit Ethernet Access and Processing Unit

Board N1EGS2 N2EGS2 N1/N2EFS4 N1/N2/N4EFS0

Access and processing

2xGE 4xFE 8xFE
capability

Number of VCTRUNKs 24 48 12/24 12/24/24

Maximum uplink
1.25 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s 622 Mbit/s/1.25 Gbit/s 622 Mbit/s/1.25/1.25 Gbit/s
bandwidth

Accesses 8 channels of Ethernet

signals through either optical
Associated interface board None None
interfaces or electrical interface
when used with the ETF8/EFF8.

EPL and
Supported service type EPL, EVPL, EPLAN, and EVPLAN
EPLAN
Supported Ethernet II, IEEE 802.3, and IEEE 802.1qTAG.
Supports a frame length ranging from 64 bytes to 9600 bytes.
Service frame format Supports a Jumbo frame that is 9600 bytes long.

Encapsulation format GFP-F

EOD Boards (EDQ41)
EOD Boards (EDQ41)

• TDM features supported by EDQ41 boards

• Transmits and receives 4xSTM-1/STM-4 optical signals.

• Packet features supported by EDQ41 boards

• Bridges a maximum of 2.5 Gbit/s EoS services to the packet domain.
• Maximum uplink bandwidth: 2.5 Gbit/s
• Supports point-to-point E-Line services.
• Supports multipoint-to-multipoint E-LAN services.
• NOTE: EDQ41 boards support only PW-carried E-Line and E-LAN services on
the NNI side.
 Features of the OptiX OSN 550

Page 44
 Features of the OptiX OSN 550

• The OptiX OSN 550 is a device used at the access layer, which features large
capacity, high availability, low power consumption, and compact structure.

• A maximum of 64 Gbit/s packet switching capacity, a maximum of 20 Gbit/s

SDH cross-connect capacity, and a maximum of four 10GE ports.

• A maximum power consumption of 300 W, a typical power consumption of

only 149 W in Hybrid mode, and a typical power consumption of 67 W in
time division multiplexing (TDM) mode

• Dimensions (H x W x D) of 88 mm x 442 mm x 220 mm

Page 45
System Control, Switching, and Timing
Boards
• PCX
The PCX is a system control, cross-connect, timing, and line board that
works in Hybrid mode. It is available in five types of finished boards.

• CXL
The CXL is a system control, cross-connect, timing, and line board that
works in TDM mode.
Packet Processing Boards
• EF8F
The EF8F is an 8xFE processing board.
• EM6T/EM6F
The EM6T/EM6F is an FE/GE processing board.
• EG4C
The EG4C is a 4xGE processing board.
• EG8
The EG8 is an 8xGE processing board.
• EX1
The EX1 is a 1x10GE Ethernet processing board.
• MD1
The MD1 is a 32xSmart E1 service processing board.
• CQ1
CQ1 boards are 4-port channelized STM-1 processing boards.
SDH Boards
• SL1D
The SL1D is a 2xSTM-1 optical/electrical interface board.

• SL1Q
The SL1Q is a 4xSTM-1 optical/electrical interface board.

• SL4D
The SL4D is a 2xSTM-4 optical interface board.
EOS Boards
• EFS8
The EFS8 is an 8xFE switching and processing board.

• EGS4
The EGS4 is a 4xGE switching and processing board.

• EGT1
The EGT1 is a 1xGE transparent transmission board.
Ethernet Over SDH (EOS) Services

EOS Concepts
 Association of Application Formats on the Layers

Data

IP Header + Payload

VLAN Header + Payload

MAC Header + Payload + FCS

MPLS Header + Payload

GFP Header + Payload

SDH Header Payload

The layered architecture helps extend the functions.

Many bytes in the SDH frame overhead bytes are reserved. For data communication, however, the
overhead bytes are added.
Page 51
 GFP

MPLS Header + Payload

GFP Header + Payload

SDH Header Payload

The generic framing procedure is used to load frames of variable length in the synchronization
transmission paths. The GFP is a generic procedure to adapt the user information on a high
layer into the transmission network. The Ethernet signals always burst and are of variable
length. This is totally different from the SDH frames, which require strict synchronization.
Hence, a proper protocol is required for the frame mapping from the Ethernet to the SDH. The
GFP is such a protocol.

Page 52
 The Function of LCAS
MSTP
NE2
NE1
Normal
status
MSTP
NE2
NE1
Part link faulty status

• LCAS ( link capacity adjustment scheme) should be used to increase, decrease or change the
capacity of a container that is transported in an SDH/OTN network using Virtual
Concatenation. In addition, the scheme will automatically decrease the capacity if a member
experiences a failure in the network, and increase the capacity when the network fault is
repaired. The scheme is applicable to every member of the Virtual Concatenation group.

Page 53
 Dealing with VLAN ID
Packet
Port Tag Untag

Tag aware (In) Transmit transparently Discard

Tag aware (Out) Transmit transparently －

Access (In) Discard Attach default VLAN ID
Access (Out) Delete VLAN ID －
Hybrid (In) Transmit transparently Attach default VLAN ID

If VLAN ID is the same, delete

Hybrid (Out) the Tag flag, otherwise －
transmit transparently

Page 54