Cancer (2018-2022)

Amos Turvey
  Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal body cells.

 There are more than 200 different types of cancer these include breast cancer,
Leukemia, Lymphoma etc from Cancer Research UK

 As you increase in age so does your chance of getting any of the types of cancers
above

Nature  1 million people in Australia alive had cancer at one point in their lives

 Around 162,000 news cases of cancer were diagnosed in Australia, this would be
around 440 cases each day in 2021 according to cancer in Australia report 2021

 Two types of tumour:

Benign tumours – This one is not cancerous. This type is grows slow and are
usually surgically removed
Malignant tumours – This type is cancerous. This type of cancer spreads to
other parts of the body and invade healthy tissues. Cause sickness and death.
 Nature

 Lung cancer is the 3rd and 4th leading cause of death in

Australia for males and females

 While Prostate cancer is the 5th most leading cause of death

for male Australians and 5th most leading cause of death for
females is Breast cancer

 Cancer is usually diagnosed for people over 45 years and

older, people over 73 years usually make up to around 28%
of all new cancer cases source from AIHW National
Mortality Database.

 People aged between 65-74 are most likely to dies of lung

cancer

  Image from AIHW National Mortality Database.

  Incidence/providence
 Cancer Australia estimates: One in two males
and females will develop cancer before the
age 85

Extent  Cancer contributed to 19% of the total

disease in Australia.
 Only major cause of death in Australia that is
increasing in both genders
 Increases significantly in breast, skin and
melanoma, prostate cancer
Risk & Protective Factor
 Cancer is more likely to occurs in males than in
females
 However the lung cancer death rate for females is
increasing and it the most occurring type of cancer
 Smokers are 10x more likely to develop lung
cancer
 Breast cancer is the 2nd most leading cause of death
for cancer
 About 50% of skin cancer occurs in early childhood
to adolescent years
 Lung Cancer
 Smoking
 Pollution -Avoid exposure to tobacco and hazardous materials
 Occupational exposure

Risk and Breast Cancer

 History of cancer in Family (more likely if it’s directly related)

Protective 


High Fat diet -Dieting, Self-examination, Mammograms (over 50)
Late first pregnancy or hasn’t given birth

factors  Late menopause

Skin Cancer
 High amount of exposure to sun
 Moles in skin -Avoid/reduce exposure to sun (shade, hat,
sunscreen)
 S.E.S

• Family members with history of cancer

• Higher for the ATSI population
Sociocultural
• Can be reduced if your family takes on more healthier
lifestyles
Socioeconomic • Occupations with high exposure to carcinogens
• Outdoor workers
• Low socioeconomic status (unemployment)
• Low education

Environmental • Living in rural and remote areas due to having less access to
health information or health care services in general
 Lung Cancer:
 Smokers
 Elderly over 50
 Workers exposed to occupational or environmental hazards

Breast Cancer

Groups At 


Obese
Family history

Risk  Woman that hasn’t given birth

Skin Cancer
 Fair skin
 Places with more UV (closer to the equator)
 Occupations outside
 Too much sun exposure