What is a Job Safety Analysis?

 An effective method of reviewing the individual steps

in performing a job and identifying both unsafe acts
and unsafe conditions in order to develop solutions
to eliminate or control the hazard.
Purpose
 Integrate safety and health aspects into a
particular operation or activity
 Identify potential hazards
 Develop safe job procedures
 Benefits
 Identify previously undetected hazards.
 Increase the job knowledge.
 Raise safety and health awareness.
 Improve communication between workers, supervisors
and the safety officer.
 Establish safe work procedures.
 Teaching aid for initial job training
 Briefing/guide for infrequent jobs.
 Standard for health and safety inspections
 Comprehensive accident investigations.
 Limits of JSA
 Applicability
 Specific work assignment (such as "operating a
grinder," "using a fire extinguisher," or "changing
a flat tire.”)
 Non-applicability
 Jobs defined too broadly, "overhauling an engine."
 Jobs defined too narrowly, "positioning car jack."
What jobs are appropriate for a job safety /
hazard analysis?
A job hazard analysis can be conducted on many jobs in your
workplace. Priority should go to the following types of jobs:

 Jobs with the highest injury or illness rates

 Jobs with the potential to cause severe or disabling injuries or
illness, even if there is no history of previous accidents
 Jobs in which one simple human error could lead to a severe
accident or injury
 Jobs that are new to your operation or have undergone changes in
processes and procedures
 Jobs complex enough to require written instructions
Four Basic Steps
 Select the job
 Break the job into sequence of steps
 Identify potential hazards
 Develop solutions or procedures
Who Conducts the Observation?
 The immediate supervisor, worker and safety officer
 A member of the occupational health and safety
committee.
 The worker should be experienced and capable in all
parts of the job.
 10

Steps in Performing a JSA

Step Select the job to be analyzed.

1
Break the job down into successive steps or activities and
Step observe how these actions are performed.
2

Step Identify the hazards and potential accidents.

3
Develop safe job procedures to eliminate the hazards and
Step prevent potential accidents.
4
 11

Breaking Down the Job or Activity

 List each job step in order of

occurrence
 Describe each action
 Examine each step for
hazards
 Conduct a “what if” scenario
for each step
 12

Hazards to Focus On
 Impact
 Penetration
 Harmful airborne
contaminants
 Repetitive motions
 Heat
 Compression
 Chemical exposures
 Optical radiation
Observation of the Job
 Watch the worker do the job.
 Full cooperation and participation
 Clearly explain the reason for the exercise.
 The job, not the individual, is being studied
 Not a time and motion study in disguise
 Not an attempt to uncover individual unsafe acts.
 Observation of the Job
 Only regular tools and equipment should be used.
 The only difference from normal operations is the fact
that the worker is being observed.
 Breakdown of steps are discussed by all the participants
(including the worker)
 15

Identifying Hazards
 Sharp edges
 Employee jewelry
 Potential for being caught in between
 Worker posture/balance
 Hazardous movements
 “Struck by” hazards
 Suspended loads
 Environmental hazards
Identify potential hazards
T YPICAL Q UEST IO NS T O C O N SID ER

PHYSIC A L A C T IONS M A T ERIA L S EQUIPM ENT C OND IT IO NS

E xcessive force req u ired ? Toxic U n g u ard ed m ovin g A d eq u ate lig h tin g ?
p arts?

A wkward or u n stab le p osition ? F lam m ab le or C on trols p osition ed Tem p eratu re

com b u stib le? ap p rop riately? extrem es?

R ep ititive m otion ? H eavy? In terlocks req u ired ? E xcessive N oise

S im u ltan eou s action s D ifficu lt to E m erg en cy stop V en tilation req u ired ?

req u ired ? m ove? sw itch es accessib le?

L iftin g , p u sh in g or D oes eq u ip m en t store

p u llin g in volved ? en erg y?

S p ecific seq u en ce of
action n ecessary?
 17

Evaluating Hazards
 What PPE is available?
 Has worker been trained?
 Is the worker positioned properly?
 Is lockout/tag-out used?
 What is the flow of work?
 What are the sources of chemicals, noise, etc.
 Are slips, trips, and falls a possibility?
 Any standards, processes or guidelines established?
 Sample questions to identify hazards
 Can any body part get caught in or between objects?
 Do tools, machines, or equipment present any hazards?
 Can the worker make harmful contact with objects?
 Can the worker slip, trip, or fall?
 Can the worker suffer strain from lifting, pushing, or pulling?
 Is the worker exposed to extreme heat or cold?
 Is excessive noise or vibration a problem?
 Sample questions to identify hazards
 Is there a danger from falling objects?
 Is lighting a problem?
 Can weather conditions affect safety?
 Is harmful radiation a possibility?
 Can contact be made with hot, toxic, or caustic substances?
 Are there dusts, fumes, mists, or vapors in the air?
Develop Solutions
 21

Control Method Hierarchy

Develop Solutions
 Eliminate the hazard
 Choose a different process
 Modify an existing process
 Substitute with less hazardous substance
 Improve environment (ventilation)
 Modify or change equipment or tools
Develop Solutions
 Contain the hazard
 Hazard cannot be eliminated
 Prevent contact
 enclosures
 machine guards
 worker booths or similar devices.
Develop Solutions
 Revise work procedures
 Consideration might be given to modifying
steps which are hazardous,
 Change the sequence of steps
 Adding additional steps (such as locking out
energy sources).
 Develop Solutions
 Reduce the exposure
 Leasteffective measure
 No other solutions are possible
 Reduce the number of times the hazard is encountered.
 Use of appropriate personal protective equipment
 Reduce the severity of an accident
Information Dissemination
 The result must be communicated to all workers.
 The side-by-side format is not an ideal one for instructional
purposes.
 Better results using a narrative-style format.
 Workshop

Changing a flat tire.

As you leave for work today, you discover that the car
has a flat tire. The car is parked on level ground and
the parking brake is already set. The bumper jack and
spare tire are both in good condition and stored in the
trunk of the car.
Key Steps NOT ENOUGH
Changing a Flat Tire
 Park car
 take off flat tire
 put on spare tire
 drive away
Key Job Steps JUST RIGHT
Changing a Flat tire
 Park car, set brake  tighten lug nuts
 remove jack & tire from  store tire & jack
trunk
 loosen log nuts
 jack up car
 remove tire
 set new tire
 jack down car
Hazards
 Parking Car  Jacking up car
 Struck by Traffic  car could fall off jack
 Removing tire & jack  Setting new tire
 Back Strain  fingers pinched
 bang head on trunk  back strain
 Loosen lug nuts
 Tighten nuts
 back/arm strain
 slip & fall
 back strain
 slip & fall