Operate basic flow control and regulating

devices in water supply network system

1 introduction to water supply scheme
Content

 Importance of water
 Objective of protected water supply

 Components of protected water supply scheme

 Per-capita demand

 Systems of distribution

 Layouts of distribution systems

 General importance of water

 no life can exist without water

It is as essential for life as air is

 two-third of human body is constituted of water

 it provides luxuries and comforts to human beings

Objective of protected water supply scheme

Objective of protected water supply scheme are:-

 to supply safe and wholesome water to consumers

 to supply water in sufficient quantities

 to supply water at convenient points and timings

 to supply water at reasonable cost to the user

 to encourage personal and house hold cleanliness of users

Components of protected water supply scheme

 Source of water

 Intake structure

 Treatment structure

 Storage reservoirs

 Distribution pipes
 Source of water
• Sources of water are broadly classified in to two kinds of source

• 1 Surface water ( like a river, lake etc.)

• 2 Ground water ( springs, wells etc. )

 Per-capita demand
• It is the amount of water required by one person per one day (annual average).
• It includes the domestic use, industrial and commercial use, fire demand etc.
 Variation in water demand
Design period
• Water supply projects includes permanent constructions at intakes,
treatment plants, overhead tanks and laying of pipe lines.

• They can not be replaced, resized or reconstructed easily in every year

as per the needs of the increased population as it include huge amount
of capital.

• The design period for the various components in water supply projects
may taken as given below table.
 Intake structure
• Intakes are structures which collect water from the sources, for further conveyance to treatment
plant.
the primary purpose is to selectively withdrew the best quality water
while excluding fish, floating debris, coarse sediment, and other objectionable suspended matter.

Intake consists of

a) Conduit with protective works

b) Screens at open ends

c) Gates and Valves to regulate flow

Treatment structure

• The raw water from different sources contains various impurities.

• It can not directly used by the public.

• To reduce the impurities below the allowable limits, raw water should
be properly treated in the treatment plant.
 Service reservoirs
• Service reservoirs are storage reservoirs, which store the treated water for
supplying water to the consumers.
The most usage of service reservoirs are as follows:-
• To equalize the variation in hourly demand of water
• To add some required disinfectant to provide effective disinfection.
Types of service reservoirs
1) surface reservoir
2) elevated reservoir
3) ground reservoir
Systems of distribution

1) Gravity or direct system

2) Pumping or indirect system

3) Combined or dual system

 Methods or system of supplying.

Continuous system

 intermittent system
Layout in distribution
• Depend on method of layout of the pipe line, the distribution systems
are classified as…

1) dead end or tree system

2) grid iron system

3) circular or ring system

4) radial system
 2 Water Supply Appurtenances
• Introduction
• The different devices required for controlling the flow of water for
preventing leakage and other purposes in water supply system are
called ‘’appurtenances’’

• The distribution pipes are provided with various pipe appurtenances or

accessories so as to make the distribution of water easy and effective
Purpose Of Water Supply Appurtenances
 to make the distribution of water easy and effective.

 to avoid wastage and leakage of water

 to change the direction of flow of water in pipe line.

 to make the efficient use of water.

 to control the flow of water in opposite direction in pipe.

 to regulate the flow of water.

 Requirements Of Water Supply Appurtenances
 it should be strong

 it should be durable

 it should be economical

 it should have resistance to corrosion

 it should have resistance to internal pressure of water

 it should be easy to remove and repair

 it should not affected by chemicals, acids, etc..

 Water Pump
• Water Pump is a device used to convert mechanical energy to pressure energy for
the movement of water from the source to the consumers.
 water pump components.
 pump,

prime mover/ electric motor

Pipe for carrying water

 valve to control the flow in the system.

 Pipes
Pipe is closed conduit or tube designed to transport the treated water to the
consumers. Their varieties includes large diameter main pipes, medium
branch pipes and small diameter pipes.
 Types Of Pipes
Steel pipes

Galvanized pipes

Cast iron pipes

PVC pipes, etc.

 Pipe fitting
• Pipe fittings are pipe appurtenances those are used in pipe network systems.
• These fittings are used in plumbing to manipulate the conveyance of water.
• They are available in various sizes and shapes.
 functions of fittings
• To connect same size pipe sections.
• To connect different size pipe section
• To change the direction of the flow.
• To connect a pipe with other devises
• Closing and sealing a pipe, etc.
Cont.…
Types of fittings
1) elbow
2) coupling
3) union
4) reducer
5) tee
6) cross
7) nipple
8) socket
9) plug or cup, etc.
 Valves
• Valves are mechanical devices those control the flow and pressure within
the system.
• In water works practice, valves are used to control the flow of water, to
regulate pressure, to release or to admit air, to prevent flow water in
backward direction.
 Cont.…
 Functions of Valves
 To control and regulate the flow of water.
 To prevent the backward flow of the water.
 To release the excessive pressure build up.
 To release or admit the air.
 To drain unwanted sediments.
Classification of Valves
Based on mechanical motion the valve are classified as follows,
Linear Motion Valves.
Rotary Motion Valves.
Cont..
Sluice valve or gate vale