GypsumProducts


Chemical and Physical Nature
of Gypsum Products
Manufacture of Dental
Plaster, Stone, and
High-Strength Stone
Lasters are fluffy, porous, and least
dense

Hydrocal variety has a higher density and is more

crystalline

Densite is the densest of the raw

materials
 These three types of raw materials are used to formulate
the four types of relatively pure gypsum products used in
dentistry.

They are classified as :

plasters (model and laboratory),

low- to moderate-strength dental stones,

high-strength/low-expansion dental stones,

and high-strength/high-expansion dental stones, or alternatively as types 2, 3,

4, and 5 in ANSI/ADA specification No. 25 (ISO 6873).
 Plaste
r


 Hydroca
l

 

Types 4 and 5
https://www.youtube.com
/ watch?
v=0gDmj403QW
U&t=311s
Accelerators
and Retarders 


 

Chemical

Reaction

Water-to-Powder Ratio of
Dental Stone and High-
Strength Dental Stone


 

Mechanism of
Setting
Volumetric 

Contraction
 Effect of Spatulation


Effect of Temperature

Effect of Humidity
Effect of Colloidal
Systems and pH
Properties
Setting
Time
 DEFINITION AND IMPORTANCE


 CONTROL OF
SETTING TIME
Compressive
Strength
Setting Expansion
Manipulation
CASTING INVESTMENTS
All such casting operations involve:

(1) a wax pattern of the object to be reproduced;

(2)a suitable mold material, known as investment, which is

placed around the pattern and permitted to harden;

(3)suitable furnaces for burning out the wax patterns and heating
the investment mold;

(4) proper facilities to melt and cast the alloy.

Properties Required of an Investment:

Easily
manipulated

Sufficient
Inexpensive strength at
room
temperature

Stability at
Ease of higher
divestment
temperatures

Sufficient
Smooth expansion
surface

Beneficial
Porosity casting
temperatures
Composition
Refractory Material
Binder Material
Properties of Calcium Sulfate–
Bonded Investments


Other Chemicals
Effect of Temperature on
Investment
Cooling of the
Investment
PARTICLE SIZE OF SILICA
 SILICA-TO-
BINDER RATIO
 WATER-TO-
POWDER RATIO
SPATULATION
 AGE OF
INVESTMENT
 WATER-BATH
TEMPERATUR
E
 Thermal and
Hygroscopic Casting
Investment
PHOSPHATE-BONDED INVESTMENT



SILICA-BONDED
INVESTMENT
Brazing Investment
 A NSI/ADA
specification No. 126 Type 1: Gypsum- Type 2: Phosphate-
(ISO 11244) for bonded dental bonded dental
dental brazing brazing investments brazing investments.
investments defines
two
types of investment.
 Investment for All-
Ceramic Restorations
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=AmmiHUizjYw
 https://
www.yout
ube.com/watch?v
=L_s5IDKBJmc
Reference
: