DCA 30142 BUILDING SERVICES 2

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION

BY :-
• MUHAMMAD NOR IFHAN BIN MAZELAN (03DSB19F2060)
• AHMAD AMIR HAKIMI BIN JAAFAR (03DSB19F2051)
• KAAREN A/L YUKTHEE (03DSB19F2053)
• OOI SZE XIN (03DSB19F2004)

SUPERVISE:-
• PN. ZALINNA BINTI KALIMAN
INTRODUCTION

• FIRE SAFETY IS A SUBJECT CONNECTED NOT ONLY WITH HUMAN AND PROPERTY SAFETY BUT IS RELATED WITH DESIGN OF
BUILDINGS AND THEIR SERVICES. FIRE ALTHOUGH A GOOD FRIEND OF HUMANITY, WHEN IT SPREADS UN-CONTROLLED, IN
BUILDINGS CAN BE VICIOUS ENEMY RESULTING IN HEAVY LOSS OF PROPERTY AND LIVES.

• THEREFORE FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES, BOTH IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS AND IN COMMERCIAL/ INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES,
HAVE ASSUMED A GREAT ROLE IN RECENT YEARS IN OUR COUNTRY.
FIRE PROTECTION

• A METHOD OF FIRE PROTECTION INVOLVES THE CONVEYANCE OF WATER I PIPES TO EXTINGUISH FIRE WITHIN A
BUILDING FALLS INTO THE FIELD OF PLUMBING. WATER MAY BE SUPPLIED THROUGH RISER PIPES OR STANDPIPES.
RISER OR STANDPIPES WITH HOSE CONNECTIONS IN A TALL BUILDINGS MAY BE FED FROM STORAGE TANK, FROM
PUMP OR FROM A MOBILE PUMPING ENGINE IN THE STREET CONNECTED TO ABREACHING OR ‘SIAMESE POST’.

• AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER ARE THE DEVICES THAT DISCHARGE WATER AUTOMATICALLY WHEN THE TEMPERATURE OF
AIR SURROUNDING SPRINKLER REACHES A PREDETERMINED LEVEL.
PROTECTION

• PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION - THE INSTALLATION OF FIREWALLS AND FIRE RATED FLOOR ASSEMBLIES TO
FORM FIRE COMPARTMENTS INTENDED TO LIMIT THE SPREAD OF FIRE, HIGH
TEMPERATURES, & SMOKE.

• ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION - MANUAL AND AUTOMATIC DETECTION & SUPPRESSION OF FIRES, SUCH AS
FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS AND (FIRE ALARM) SYSTEMS .
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION(APF)

• IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF FIRE PROTECTION

• CHARACTERISED BY ITEMS AND/OR SYSTEMS

• REQUIRE A CERTAIN AMOUNT OF MOTION AND RESPONSE IN ORDER TO WORK

• CONTRARY TO PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION.

CATEGORIES OF ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
DRY RISER SYSTEM
• A DRY RISER SYSTEM IS AN EMPTY PIPE RUNNING UP THE INSIDE
OF A BUILDING WHICH CAN BE CONNECTED TO BY FIREFIGHTERS
AND USED AS A PRESSURISED WATER SYSTEM. THERE WILL BE
INLET CONNECTIONS ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE BUILDING – OR IN
FIRE ESCAPE AREAS – FOR THE FIRE SERVICES TO ACCESS,
ALLOWING THE WATER TO BE PUMPED UP TO VALVES ON UPPER
FLOORS ON THE INSIDE.
• THIS MAKES THINGS EASIER FOR FIREFIGHTERS WHO ARE
TACKLING A BLAZE IN A BUILDING WITH MULTIPLE FLOORS, WITH
MOST SYSTEMS INSTALLED UP TO A MAX OF 50M ABOVE THE FIRE
SERVICE ACCESS LEVEL.
• THESE SYSTEMS ARE DESIGNED TO PROVIDE PRESSURE ON THE
UPPER FLOORS OF A BUILDING, SO NEED TO BE PLANNED INTO
THE CONSTRUCTION OF A BUILDING CAREFULLY
CATEGORIES OF ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
FIRE WATER TANK
• A SUFFICIENT QUALITY OF WATER FOR THE PURPOSE OF FIRE FIGHTING OF THE
BUILDING MUST BE MADE AVAILABLE IN AN UNDERGROUND TANK WITHIN THE
PREMISES.
• TANK CAPACITY MAY BE TAKEN AS 30 MIN WATER
• SUPPLY AT 1000 LITRES PER MINUTES THE WATER TANK AND COVER SHOULD
• BE DESIGNED TO TAKE LOAD OF 18 TONNES VEHICULAR LOAD IF FLUSH
• BELOW GROUND LEVEL.
CATEGORIES OF ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION

FIRE DETECTION
• FIRE IS DETECTED EITHER BY LOCATING THE SMOKE, FLAME OR HEAT
• ALARM IS SOUNDED TO ENABLE EMERGENCY EVACUATION AS WELL AS TO
DISPATCH THE LOCAL FIRE DEPARTMENT.
CATEGORIES OF ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
• DEVICE USED TO EXTINGUISH OR CONTROL
SMALL FIRES
CATEGORIES OF ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
WET RISER SYSTEM
• THE WET RISER ARE DESIGNED FOR ZONAL DISTRIBUTION OF WATER
ACCORDING TO HEIGHT OF BUILDING
• THESE RISERS ARE CONNECTED TO FIRE PUMPS SEPARATELY PROVIDED FOR
FIREPROTECTION
• A WET RISER MUST BE PROVIDED NEAR THE ENCLOSURE STAIRCASE.
• THE PIPE FITTING SHOULD BE APPROVED MAKE AND QUALITY BY THE
COMPETENT AUTHORITY.
CATEGORIES OF ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
FIRE HYDRANT
• FIRE HYDRANT ARE GENERALLY LOCATED AT A DISTANCE APART OF ABOUT 90 M TO
120 M IN INHABITANT AREA AND ABOUT 300 M IN AN OPEN AREA.

• ONE FIRE HYDRANT FOR EVERY 4000 TO 10000 SQ. AREA IS

• NORMALLY HYDRANTS ARE GENERALLY PROVIDED AT STREET CROSSINGS, WATER

DEMANDS OF ONE LITRE PER HEAD PER DAY IS CONSIDERED FOR FIRE HYDRANTS.

• FIRE HYDRANTS ARE OF TWO TYPES PILLAR OR POST HYDRANT AND SUNK OR
FLUSH HYDRANTS.
CATEGORIES OF ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
WATER SPRINKLER SYSTEM

• INVOLVES THE INSTALLATION OF VERTICAL RISER PIPE WITH HOSE

CONNECTIONS AT STRATEGIC POINTS

• THE STANDPIPE OR RISER CAN BE KEPT FILLED WITH WATER IS KNOW AS

WET RISER SYSTEM OTHERWISE IT IS KNOWN AS DRY RISER SYSTEM
CATEGORIES OF ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
DOWNCOMER SYSTEM
• DOWNCOMER SYSTEM FOR FIRE FIGHTING COMPRISES A HIGH LEVEL WATER
STORAGE TANK DISCHARGING INTO 150 MM DIAMETER RISER PIPE.
• HAS LANDING VALVES AT EACH FLOOR TO WHICH CANVAS HOSE WITH NOZZLES
CAN BE CONNECTED TO DIRECT THE WATER JET AT THE FIRE.
• HAS NO PUMPS AND SYSTEM PRESSURE IS LIMITED TO THE STATIC PRESSURE
ONLY.
• THE DOWNCOMER SYSTEM CAN BE AVAILED IN VARIOUS
SPECIFICATIONS.