Investigation

What is the effect of exercise on

heart rate?
 Heart Rate
• Heart rate is the number of times your heart
beats per minute.
How do you know that your heart is pumping the blood?

• Checking Pulse rate or Heart rate

How to check your pulse
 Measuring a beating heart

You can measure how fast your Place the fingertips of one hand on the
heart is beating by taking your opposite wrist, where an artery passes
pulse. near the surface of the skin.

Each pulse that you feel What is your heart rate, in beats
is due to the pressure of per minute, right now?
blood leaving the heart as
the left ventricle contracts.
 Pulse Rate of 8C Students

    Before exercise after exercise

No. Name Pulse rate / minutes Pulse rate / minutes
1 Dhafin 88 96
2 attar 72 128
3 Denisa 96 112
4 Ghandi 80 80
6 Fayla 76 100
7 Fairuz 72 120
8 indira 100 132
9 Bening 48 72
12 Angga 80 120
13 Faddel 68 104
14 Fadlurahman 100 128
15 Lisha 68 96
  Average 78 86
 Describe the graph
88 • Describe
– After exercise heart pulse is higher than before.
86 – Before exercise the pulse is smaller than after.
84 – The average of the pulse rate before exercise is
78
82 Before ex- – the average of the pulse rate after exercise is 86.

80 ercise • Conclusion
after ex- – The heart pulse faster after physical exercise.
78 ercise – Exercise makes the heart rate faster/ higher
– Exercise increases the heart rate.
76
• Explanation
74 – Exercise needs energy, The heart works faster in
average pulse rate order to transfer the nutrients to the body cells
of 8C Students quickly, which are needed for energy.
 Variable of investigation
• Independent variable: variable which is changed
during investigation and will affect other variable.
• Dependent variable: variable which is measured
to show the effect of this change
• control variables, which must be kept the same
to make it a fair test.
 Investigate the effect of exercise on heart rate

• Independent variable: EXERCISE

• Dependent variable: Heart rate/pulse

• Control variable: time, person, type of exercise

 LUNGS

Blood Flow Diagram

BODY CELLS
Blood Vessels

DIFFERENT TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS

 GOALS:
• You will be able to state the function of artery,
vein, and capillary
• You will be able to describe the structure of
artery, vein, and capillary
• You will be able to compare the structure of
artery, vein, and capillary
Blood vessels and the circulatory system

The circulatory system is made up of the

heart, blood and blood vessels.

What are blood vessels and what do they

do?

Blood vessels are the

network of tubes that
carry the blood, pumped
by the heart, around the
body.
Different types Of Blood Vessels
• There are three types of blood vessels, as shown in this magnified part of
the circulatory system.
blood from the blood to the
heart heart

artery vein
 Different types of blood vessels

The different blood vessels have different jobs to do in carrying blood around the
body.
blood from the blood to the
heart heart

artery vein
carries blood away carries blood back
from the heart into the heart

carries blood to and

from the body’s cells

Do all blood vessels carry the same type of blood?

 What is an artery?

Arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.
blood from the blood to the
heart heart

artery
carries blood away
from the heart

Blood that is pumped from the heart to the body’s cells along the
arteries is oxygen-rich. OXYGENATED BLOOD
Cross-section of an artery

The arteries carry blood at high pressure away

from the heart.
Looking at the cross-section of an artery, why is
it suitable for carrying blood at high pressure?

thick outer wall

thick inner layer

of muscle and
elastic fibres

narrow central
tube
What is a vein?

Veins are the blood vessels that carry blood back into the heart.
blood from the blood to the
heart heart

vein
carries blood back
into the heart

Blood that travels from the body’s cells to the heart along the
veins is oxygen-poor. DEOXYGENATED BLOOD
Cross-section of a vein

The veins carry blood at low pressure back into

the heart.

Looking at the cross-section of a vein, why is it

suitable for carrying blood at low pressure?

thin outer wall

thin inner layer

of muscle and
elastic fibres

wide
central tube
Blood flow in veins – valves

Veins have valves to prevent backflow.

backflow
vein valve prevented
open
vein valve
blood to closed
the heart

When blood flows along veins it If blood in a vein does flow

pushes past the valves, which can backwards, it is trapped by closed
only open in one direction. valves.
 What is a capillary?

Capillaries are the tiny blood vessels that carry a blood supply to and from the body’s
cells.
What blood vessels are linked by capillaries?

artery vein

Capillaries link arteries to veins.

Capillaries are the only blood vessels where substances can be exchanged between
the blood and body cells.
Cross-section of a capillary

The capillaries carry blood to and from the

body’s cells.
Looking at the cross-section of
a capillary, why is it suitable for the exchange
of substances between the blood and body
cells?
What happens in a capillary?

Capillaries have very thin walls for the

exchange of substances between the blood
and surrounding body cells.

How does this happen? waste

products
Substances are exchanged useful
by diffusion. substances

Useful substances in the blood diffuse

across the capillary wall into body cells.

Waste products from the body cells

diffuse across the capillary wall into
the blood.
Gas exchange in a capillary bed

A network of capillaries is called a capillary bed.

What gases are exchanged by diffusion in a capillary bed?

carbon
dioxide
oxygen

Oxygen in the blood diffuses across the capillary wall into body cells for
respiration.
Carbon dioxide from the cells diffuses across the capillary wall into the blood.