Bone and Skeleton

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pg. 34 - 37

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 Lesson Objective
In the end of the lesson you will be able to:
• Describe the role of the skeleton
• Describe the role of joint
• Describe the principle of antagonistic muscles
 The words that you have to be familiar with
• Skeleton : Rangka
• Joint : Sendi
• Muscle: Otot
• Antagonistic Muscle: Otot antagonis
• Lubricate: Oli/ Pelumas/Pelicin
• Skull: Tengkorak
The Human Skeleton
• Your skeleton supports
your body and helps it to
move
• It also protects some of
the soft organs inside you

Questions A
Answer the following questions in your
notebook or Ms. Word. Upload your
work on Google Classroom
1. List three functions of the
skeleton.
2. Look at the diagram of the
skeleton. How are the bones in
the arm (lengan) and legs
(kaki)similar?
3. As well as supporting the body,
some bones protect other
organs. Name the bones
protect: brain, heart, and Lungs.
• List three functions of the
skeleton.
1. Look at the diagram of the
skeleton. How are the
bones in the arm (lengan)
and legs (kaki)similar?
1. Name the bones protect:
brain, heart, and Lungs.
 Joints (Sendi)
• A joint is a place where
two bones meet.
• There are two main types
of joints in our bodies:
– Fixed joints (sendi yang
tidak dapat bergerak)
– Moveable joints (sendi
yang dapat bergerak)
 Fixed and Moveable joints
• The skull has fixed joints in
the cranium.
• Cranium is made up of several
bones.
• This helps the cranium to
protect the brain
• The jawbone is joined to the
rest of the skull by a
moveable joint
(Rahang)
ball-and-socket joints
• Try to move your
Shoulder!
• Your shoulder joint can
move in almost all
direction
• This is because of the
shoulder joint is a ball –
and – socket joints
 Hinge joints
• Your elbow joint is a hinge
(read: Hinj) joint. elbow (siku-
• It can move in only one Siku)
direction
• It moves like a door on a
hinge
hinge Knee
(engsel) (lutut)
 • State one place in the body
QUESTIONS B
Answer the following questions in your
where you have a fixed
notebook or Ms. Word. Upload your
work on Google Classroom joint. Why is it useful to
have a fixed joint in this
place?
• Name the bones that form
the hinge joint at your
elbow.
• State one place in the body
where you have a fixed
joint. Why is it useful to
have a fixed joint in this
place?
• Name the bones that form
the ball – and – socket joint
in your shoulder.
• Name the bones that form
the hinge joint at your
elbow.
 Activity 1.4
(Which kind of joint?)
• Try moving each of these joints in your body, and decide
whether each one is :
A fixed joint A hinge joint A ball – and – socket joint

Joints in your body:

a. A finger joint
b. The knee joint
c. A toe (jempol kaki) joint
d. The hip (panggul) joint
Write the answers on your note or MS. Word (it can be in the same file
from the previous work)
 Muscle
• Muscles are organs that help
us to move.
• The diagram shows the two
main muscles in the upper
arm.
• The muscles are attached to
the bones by tendons.
• Tendons are very strong, and
they do not stretch
 • Name the bones that the biceps
QUESTIONS C muscles is attached (menempel)
Answer the following questions in your
notebook or Ms. Word. Upload your to.
work on Google Classroom
• Name the bones that the triceps
is attached to.
• ‘bi’ means ‘two’. ‘tri’ means
three. Look carefully at the
diagram and suggest why the
biceps and triceps are given their
names.
• Name the bones that the
biceps muscles is
attached (menempel) to.
• Name the bones that the
triceps is attached to.
• ‘bi’ means ‘two’. ‘tri’ means three. Look
carefully at the diagram and suggest why
the biceps and triceps are given their
names.
 How muscles work
• Muscle can get shorter. This
called contraction.
• When muscles contract, they
produce a pulling force (gaya
tarik).
• Look at the diagram of the
muscles in the arm.
• When the biceps muscle
contracts, it pulls on the radius
and scapula.
 Antagonistic Muscles
• When a muscle is not
contracting, we say that it is
relaxed.
• The diagram shows what
happens when the biceps
muscle contracts and the
triceps relaxes.
• The contracting biceps makes
the arm bend at the elbow joint.
 Antagonistic Muscles
• The diagram shows how
the arm can be made
straight again.
• The triceps contract
and the biceps relaxes,
it makes the arm
straighten.
 Antagonistic Muscles
• Antagonistic muscles occur in
pairs. These pairs of muscles
work against each other to create
movement.
• Triceps and biceps are an
example of a pair of antagonistic
muscles.
• As one muscle contracts
(shortens (memendek) the other
muscle relaxes
(lengthens(memanjang)).
 summary
Copy the paragraph and choose words from the list to complete
it. Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.
tendons Contract
opposite pulling

Muscles produce a __________ force when they contract . They

can only pull. They cannot push. Muscles are joined to bones by
the________. Antagonistic muscles are a pair of muscles
working together, pulling in __________ direction.