Half Range

Fourier Series
-(-Mathematics Presentation-)-
 INTRODUCTION
If a function is defined over half the range,
say 0 to L, instead of the full range
from −L to L, it may be expanded in a series
of sine terms only or of cosine terms only.
The series produced is then called a half
range Fourier series.
Conversely, the Fourier Series of an even or odd function can be
analysed using the half range definition.
 Even Function and Half Range Cosine
Series
• An even function can be expanded using half its range from
0 to L or
−L to 0 or
L to 2L
• That is, the range of integration is L. The Fourier series of
the half range even function is given by:
• for n=1,2,3,… , where
Odd Function and Half Range Sine Series
• An odd function can be expanded using half its range
from 0 to L, i.e. the range of integration has value L. The
Fourier series of the odd function is:
• Since ao = 0 and an = 0, we have:
 Fourier Cosine and Sine Series
Odd function Even function
f ( x)   f ( x) Properties of Even/Odd Functions f ( x )  f ( x)
(a) The product of two even functions is even.
sin x (b) The product of two odd functions is even. cos x
(c) The product of an even function and an odd function is odd.
p p
p (d) The sum ( difference) of two even functions is even.
 f ( x)dx  0 (e) The sum ( difference) of two odd functions is odd.

p
f ( x)dx  2  f ( x)dx
0
p

Case1: Odd Case2: Even

If f(x) is an even function on the
If f(x) is an odd function on the
interval (-p, p )
interval (-p, p )
1 p
1 p
bn   f ( x) sin np x dx
p p     
0
a0   f ( x) dx  0 odd
p p

1 p 1 p 2 p
an   f ( x) cos np x dx  0 p  p p 0
a0  f ( x ) dx  f ( x ) dx
p  p     
odd

1 p 2 p 1 p 2 p
p 0     p
n
 p  p     p
n n
bn  f ( x
p     
 p
) sin p
x dx   f ( x) sin np x dx
p 0     
an  f ( x ) cos x dx  f ( x ) cos x dx
even even even even
APPLICATIONS
I The Fourier transform has many applications, in fact any field
of physical science that uses sinusoidal signals, such as
engineering, physics, applied mathematics, and chemistry, will
make use of Fourier series and Fourier transforms. It would be
impossible to give examples of all the areas where the Fourier
transform is involved, but here are some examples from
physics, engineering, and signal processing.
APPILICATIONS
II Advanced noise cancellation and cell phone network
technology uses Fourier series where digital filtering is used to
minimize noise and bandwidth demands respectively.
III It turns out that (almost) any kind of a wave can be written as
a sum of sines and cosines. So for example, if I was to record
your voice for one second saying something, I can find its
fourier series which may look something like this for example.
CONVERGENCE

IV In engineering applications, the Fourier series is generally

presumed to converge everywhere except at discontinuities,
since the functions encountered in engineering are more well
behaved than the ones that mathematicians can provide as
counter-examples to this presumption.
APPLICATIONS
V So one of many many applications is compression. Everyone's
favorite MP3 format uses this for audio compression.
VI JPEG for pictures is the same idea.
VII Most audio and image CODECs (including JPEG and mp3)
actually use DCTs, which are a subset of generalized Fourier
transforms
VIII Another application of this Fourier series is to solve the 
Basel problem by using Parseval's theorem. The example
generalizes and one may compute ζ(2n), for any positive
integer n.
• Other common notations
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