Control

Statements:
Part I
© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 1
 Selection
Statements
© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 2
Introduction
• Control of statements "control" which
sections of code in a program are
executed.
• Specifying the order in which
statements (actions) execute in a
program is called program control.

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 3

Introduction cont…
• This topic investigates program control
using C’s control statements.
• For example, we might want a set of
statements to execute only if certain
conditions are met, otherwise, the
statements would not be executed.

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 4

Introduction cont…
There are three general types of control
statements.
i. Sequential statement – is default
ordering execution. Statements in a
program are executed one after the
other in the order in which they are
written.

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 5

Introduction cont…
ii. Selection (decision/conditional)
statement – controls which block of
code within several alternatives is
executed.
iii. Repetition (iterative) statement –
controls how many times a block of
code is executed.

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 6

Introduction cont…

The ability to control the flow of your
program, letting it make decisions on
what code to execute, is valuable to the
programmer.

One of the important functions of the
selection statement is that it allows the
program to select an action based upon
the user's input.
© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 7
Types of selection statements
C has three types of selection
statements.
i. The if statement
ii. The if...else statement
iii. The switch (case) statement

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 8

if statement

The if statement either performs
(selects) an action, if a condition is
true, or skips it, if the condition is false.

The if statement is a single-selection
statement because it selects or ignores
a single action.

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 9

if statement cont…
• The syntax of if statement:
if(condition){
//statements to execute if TRUE
}
• The example on next slide
demonstrates the use of if statement
in a C program.

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 10

if statement cont…
/*program uses if statement to
print odd number*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int number;
printf("Enter your number\n");
scanf("%d",&number);
//program continues on next slide
© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 11
if statement cont…
if(number%2==1)
{
printf("%d is an odd number\
n",number);
}
return 0;
}
© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 12
if…else statement
• The if...else statement performs an
action if a condition is true and per-
forms a different action if the condition
is false.
• The if...else statement is called a
double-selection statement because it
selects between two different actions
(or groups of actions).
© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 13
if…else statement cont…
• The syntax of if…else statement
if (condition)
{
//statements to execute if TRUE
}
else
{
//statements to execute if FALSE
}

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 14

if…else statement cont…
/*the program that uses if...else
statement*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
double number1, number2, quotient;
printf("Enter the first number\n");
scanf("%lf",&number1);
printf("Enter the second number\n");
scanf("%lf",&number2);

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 15

if…else statement cont…
if(number2!=0){
quotient=number1/number2;
printf("The quotient is %.2lf\
n",quotient);
}else{
printf("Division by zero is infinity! \
n");
}
return 0;
}
© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 16
Nested if…else statements
• if…else statement can be extended to
check multiple conditions.
• Nested if…else statements test for
multiple cases by placing if…else
statements inside if…else statements.

You can use "nested if...else
statements" following an if statement
and its body.
© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 17
Nested if…else statements
cont…
• If the first statement is true, the "else
if" will be ignored,
• but if the if statement is false, it will
then check the condition for the else if
statement.
• If all conditions are false the else block
will be executed.

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 18

Nested if…else statements
cont…
• The syntax of nested if...else statements is:
   if (condition1) {
        //statements to execute if condition1 is TRUE;
      }
      else if (condition2)
      {
       //statements to execute if condition2 is TRUE;
      }
      else
      {
   //Statements to execute if all conditions are FALSE;

      }
© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 19
Nested if…else statements
cont…
/*the program that uses nested
if...else statement*/
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int x=4, y=5, z=6, biggest;
if(x>y && x>z){
biggest=x;

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 20

Nested if…else statements
cont…
}else if(y>x && y>z){ biggest=y;
}else{
biggest=z;
}
printf("The biggest number is %d\
n",biggest);
return 0;
}
© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 21
switch (case) statement

The switch statement performs one of
many different actions, depending on
the value of a variable.
• The switch statement is called a
multiple-selection statement because it
selects among many different actions
(or groups of actions).

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 22

switch (case) statement
cont…
The syntax of switch case is as follows:
switch (variable){
case this_value:
//code to execute if variable== this-value
break;
case that_value:
//code to execute if variable== that-value
break;
...
default:
//execute default if all cases are false
break;
}

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 23

switch (case) statement
cont…
• The condition of a switch statement is
a value.
• The case says that if variable has the
value of whatever is after that case
then do whatever follows the colon.
• The break statement is used to break
out (exit) of the case statements.

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 24

switch (case) statement
cont…
• The default case is optional, but it is
wise to include it as it handles any
unexpected cases.
• It can be useful to put some kind of
output to alert you to the code entering
the default case if you do not expect it
to.

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 25

switch (case) statement
cont…
// program using switch case statement
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int day;
printf("Enter the day number\n");
scanf("%d",&day);
switch (day) {
case 1:
printf("Monday\n");
break;
© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 26
switch (case) statement
cont…
case 2:
printf("Tuesday\n");
break;
case 3:
printf("Wednesday\n");
break;
case 4:
printf("Thursday\n");
break;
© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 27
switch (case) statement
cont…
case 5:
printf("Friday\n");
break;
case 6:
printf("Saturday\n");
break;
case 7:
printf("Sunday\n");
break;
© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 28
switch (case) statement
cont…
default:
printf("Enter numbers between 1
to 7 inclusive\n");
break;
} // end switch case statement
return 0;
} // end main

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 29

Thanks for listening!

© G.Y.Namani Control Statements Part I Slide 30