WASTE

MANAGEMENT

VAITHIYANATHAN K VIDHUN SIDDHARTH S TARUN V HARII SARAVANAN S

 What are Wastes? 
• Waste (also known as rubbish, trash,
refuse, garbage, junk, litter, and ort)
is unwanted or useless materials.
• waste is any of the many unwanted
substances or toxins that are
expelled from living organisms,
metabolic waste; such as urea and
sweat. Basel Convention Definition
of Wastes.
• Disposal means - “any operation
which may lead to resource recovery,
recycling, reclamation, direct re-use
or alternative”.
 Kinds of Wastes
• Solid wastes: wastes in solid forms,
domestic, commercial and industrial
wastes.
• Examples: plastics, bottles, cans, papers,
scrap iron, and other trash.
• Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form.
• Examples: domestic washings, chemicals,
oils, waste water from ponds,
manufacturing industries and other
sources.
Classification of Wastes according to
their Properties

• Bio Degradable : Biodegradable means the substances that are capable of

being broken into smaller decomposable pieces by the action of bacteria, fungi,
or any other form of life.

•  Non Biodegradable : Non-biodegradable means the substances that are

not capable or incapable of being broken into smaller decomposable pieces by
the action of bacteria, fungi, or any other form of life.
 Impacts of Waste if not managed Wisely

• Affects our health, socio-economic

conditions, coastal and marine
environment, climate.
• Green House Gases are accumulating in
Earth’s atmosphere as a result of human
activities, causing global mean surface
air temperature and subsurface ocean
temperature to rise.
• Rising global temperatures are expected
to raise sea levels and change
precipitation and other local climate
conditions.
 Activities if waste is not efficiently managed

• Activities that have altered the chemical

composition of the atmosphere : Buildup
of GHGs primarily carbon dioxide (CO2)
methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N20).
• C02 is released to the atmosphere by the
burning of fossil fuels, wood and wood
products, and solid waste.
• CH4 is emitted from the decomposition
of organic wastes in landfills, the raising
of livestock, and the production and
transport of coal, natural gas, and oil.
 Impacts of Waste on Environment
• Waste breaks down in landfills to
form methane, a potent greenhouse
gas Change in climate and
destruction of ozone layer due to
waste biodegradable Littering, due
to waste pollutions, illegal dumping.
• Leads to Leaching: is a process by
which solid waste enter soil and
ground water and contaminating
them.
 Methods of Waste Management
• Recycling and Reuse
• Landfill Disposal
• Waste Removal
• Storage of Waste
• Waste Transportation
• Waste Treatment
 What should be done to Reduce Waste

• Reduce office paper waste by

implementing a formal policy to
duplex all draft reports and by
making training manuals and
personnel information available
electronically.
• Improve product design to use
less materials.
• Redesign packaging to eliminate
excess material while maintaining
strength.
• usable transport containers.-
Purchase products in bulk.
 What should be done to Reuse Waste

• Reuse corrugated moving boxes

internally.
• Reuse office furniture and supplies,
such as interoffice envelopes, file
folders, and paper.
• Use durable towels, tablecloths,
napkins, dishes, cups, and glasses.-
Use incoming packaging materials for
outgoing shipments.
• Encourage employees to reuse office
materials rather than purchase new
ones.
 Storage of Waste
• It is the first essential step of
Solid Waste Management.
• The waste should ideally be
stored at the source till it is
being taken for disposal.
• In India, the practice of storing
waste is not highlighted because
most of the time the waste are
being thrown on streets which
makes the environment even
more polluted.
 Waste Transportation
• Transportation of the waste stored at waste
storage depots at regular intervals is essential to
ensure that no garbage bins/containers overflow
and waste is not seen littered on streets.
• Hygienic conditions can be maintained in
cities/towns only if regular clearance of waste
from temporary waste storage depots (bins) is
ensured.
• Transportation from most frequent places like
Hotels, Restaurants, Hospitals, Construction
Sites, Etc.
 Waste Treatment
• Agricultural waste water treatment :
Agricultural wastewater treatment is treatment
and disposal of liquid animal waste, pesticide
residues etc. from agriculture.

• Industrial wastewater treatment :

Industrial wastewater treatment is the treatment
of wet wastes from factories, mines, power
plants and other commercial facilities.

• Sewage treatment : Sewage treatment is the

treatment and disposal of animal or human
waste. Treatment in urbanized areas is typically
handled by centralized treatment systems.
Environmental Projection Agency
• In 1970, President Richard Nixon created the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) to address confusing environmental protection laws.
• The agency absorbed functions from the Interior, Agriculture, and
Health departments. It initially administered the Clean Air Act, Federal
Environmental Pesticide Control Act, and Clean Water Act.
• By the mid-1990s, it enforced 12 major statutes, including uranium mill
tailings, ocean dumping, safe drinking water, insecticides, and asbestos
hazards in schools.
 Convert Waste to Energy (Recover Energy)
• Waste-to-Energy, also widely recognized by its
acronym Waste to energy is the generation of
energy in the form of heat or electricity from
waste.
• Waste to energy process involves the conversion
of non-recyclable waste items into useable heat,
electricity, or fuel through a variety of processes.
This type of so energy is a renewable energy
source as non-recyclable waste can be used over
and over again to create it
• Waste to Energy can also help reduce carbon
emissions by offsetting the need for energy
from fossil sources. Over time, this reduces
global warming and makes our environment
better.
 Avoidance of Waste

• The most easier method of waste management is to reduce the creation of waste
materials thereby reducing the amount of waste going to landfills.
• Waste reduction can be done through recycling old materials like jar, bags, repairing
broken items instead of buying a new one, avoiding the use of disposable products
like plastic bags, reusing second-hand items, and buying items that use less
designing.
 Why do we need Waste Management
• Waste management involves handling and disposing of liquid and solid
waste, treating it, and recycling it for future use.
• Historically, this method was efficient due to a low population, but with
the increasing number of people, waste production has become more
challenging.
• Non-biodegradable and inorganic waste, which can take time to
decompose in landfills, requires efficient and proper disposal methods.
• Waste management enables users to dispose of all types of waste
efficiently and effectively.
 Spreading Public Awareness
• Encouraging sustainable trash
management requires education and
awareness through campaigns,
neighborhood gatherings, and media
outreach.
• This helps inform the public about the
environmental and health impacts of
trash, encourages waste reduction,
recycling, composting, and proper
disposal, and promotes participation in
sustainable practices.
 Challenges India faces in Waste
Management
• India faces challenges in managing its growing waste
population, with a projected 1.3 billion metric tons by 2025.
The country's recycling rate is only 18%, below the global
average of 35 percent.
• India should invest in innovative technologies like
composting and zero-waste manufacturing processes, and
develop better infrastructure to increase recycling rates.
• Addressing these issues will help protect the environment
and public health.
 Waste management expectations of the
Future
• Municipal solid waste production is a significant challenge worldwide,
with poor management and lack of innovative technology.
• Only 61.6% of MSW was collected in Brazil and 58.6% in South Africa
in 2018, with landfill disposal and sanitation being the only practical
solutions.
• Delays in NPSW implementation hinder effective waste disposal
systems for future management.