TMT 20303:

ENGINEERING
MATHEMATICS II
Mohd Arif Fahmi bin Rosli
Lecture 1: Vectors Differential Calculus, grad, div, and curl
DIFFERENTIATION OF
VECTORS
 If a vector A depends on a scalar variable t, then A can be represented as A(t) and A is then
said to be a function of t
 A first differentiation wrt t is velocity, =
 A second differentiation wrt t is acceleration,
 = magnitude of velocity or speed
 = magnitude of acceleration
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DIFFERENTIATION OF SUMS
AND PRODUCTS OF VECTORS
UNIT TANGENT VECTOR
 We have already established that if OP is a position vector A(u) in space, then the direction of
the vector denoting is parallel to the tangent to the curve at P.
 Then the unit tangent vector T at P can be found from formula of unit vector
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PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION
OF VECTORS
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INTEGRATION OF VECTOR
FUNCTIONS
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SCALAR AND VECTOR FIELDS
GRAD (GRADIENT OF SCALAR
FUNCTION)
 If a scalar function ϕ(x, y, z) is continuously differentiable with respect to its variables x, y, z
throughout the region, then the gradient of ϕ, written grad , is defined as the vector

 For example, if ϕ depends upon the position of P and is defined by ϕ= 2x2yz3, then
 Also,

 is called vector differential operator, denoted by the

symbol pronounced ‘del or ‘nebla’

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GRAD OF SUMS AND
PRODUCTS OF SCALARS
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DIRECTIONAL DERIVATIVES
 Directional derivatives is written as
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DIVERGENCE OF VECTOR
FUNCTION (DIV)
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CURL OF VECTOR FUNCTION
(CURL)
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