GLUCONEOGENE

SIS INHIBITORS
[NADH/NAD+] ratio
• Ethanol degradation occurs in
the liver.
• Two equivalents of NAD+ are
reduced to NADH.
Inhibition of fructose-1,6-
bisphosphatase by fructose
2,6-bisphosphate and AMP
• The inhibition of fructose 1,6-
bisphosphate by fructose 2,6-
biphosphate would be
competitive with the substrate.
• However, the effect of fructose
2,6-bisphosphate is in contrast
with that of AMP, which does
not induce cooperativity for the
substrate.
Insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis in direct
way
• Insulin-to-glucagon ratio is
largely responsible for how
much glucose the liver will
release.
• Insulin resistance syndrome
includes a group of problems like
obesity, high blood pressure,
high cholesterol, and type 2
diabetes.
Indirect action via the inhibition of free
fatty acid production by adipose tissue.
• Insulin induces a decrease in the release of nonesterified fatty acids
(NEFAs), glycerol and gluconeogenic precursors.
• Hepatic fatty acid oxidation promotes gluconeogenesis.
• The dominant mechanism by which actions of systemic insulin can
indirectly suppress HGP.