Structural Evaluation and Retrofit Design of

Warehouse Building for UDN at Thankot

 Scope of Work

• Design Review of Existing Building

• Preparation of Retrofit Design and Drawings
 Structural Code and Standards
Loading
• IS:875 (Part 1) -1987, Code of practice for design loads in Building and
structure-Dead loads, Bureau of Indian standards, New delhi,1989
• IS:875 (Part 2) -1987 (Reaffirmed 1997), Code of practice for design loads in
building and structure-Imposed Live Loads, Bureau of Indian standards, New
delhi,1989

Design of Earthquake Resistance

• IS 1893 : 2016
• NBC 105:2020

Design of Concrete Element

• IS 456-2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete – Code of Practice
• SP-16 Design aids for reinforced concrete
• SP-34 Handbook on concrete reinforcement and detailing

Seismic Evaluation And Strengthening Of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings

• IS 15988 : 2013
 Structural Code and Standards
Design of Foundation

• IS: 1904 – Indian Standard code of practice for design and construction
of foundations in Soil – General requirements.
• IS: 2950 – Indian Standard code of practice for design and
construction of raft foundation (Part – I)
• IS: 2911 – Indian Standard code of practice for design and
construction of pile foundations.

Detailing of Structures

• IS13920: 2016, Ductile design and detailing of reinforced concrete

structures subjected to seismic forces - code of practice (fifth revision)
 Analysis Method

Analytical analysis is done in following methods:

 Equivalent Static Method (Linear Static Method)

 Response Spectrum Method (Dynamic Method)

 Building Description
Type of Building : Ware House Building
Location : Thankot, Kathmandu
No. of Story : Basement + 8 Story
Total Building Height : 3.35+28.55m+4.24m = 36.14m
Plinth Area : 21374.63 Sq. Ft.
Length of Building : 54.73m (Block A)
Width of Building : 37.35m (Block A)
Foundation : Existing RCC Raft with RCC Piles
Site Plan
Architectural Plan
Architectural Section
Architectural Elevation
 General Design Criteria
(Gravity Loading)
Dead Loads:
Dead loads for analysis are calculated as per Indian Standard, IS 875 -1987(part1), in which floor
finishes has been assumed as 1.25 kN/m2. Wall loads are taken from architectural drawings, in which
brick wall loadings are applied as line loads over the beams. Also, for internal partition 1KN/m2 is
applied in floor finishes.
9” thk brick wall = 13.28 kN/m - For full external wall load
9” thk brick wall = 10 kN/m - For external wall with 25% opening
4” AAC block wall = 3.5 kN/m - For internal wall load with 20% opening
 
Live Loads: Temperature Load
Plinth Level = 10 kN/m2
Temperature Difference of 17˚C is considered in all
1st Floor Level = 7 kN/m2
2nd Floor Level = 7 kN/m2 Structural element during a day for structural analysis
2nd Floor Mezz Level = 6 kN/m2 (Beam, Column, Slab, Shear Wall)
3rd Floor Level = 7 kN/m2
4th Floor Level = 7 kN/m2
5th Floor Level (Mezz) = 5 kN/m2
6th Floor Level = 5 kN/m2
Staircase and Corridor= 5 kN/m2
Retrofit Design Summary
Load Pattern Definitions
Crack Section Analysis
Story Drift (Eqx SLS)
Story Drift (Eqy SLS)
 Eccentricity Calculation
(Option 2)
Eccentricity Calculation
Storey XCCM YCCM XCR YCR X diff (CM CR)Y diff (CM CR) %X %Y
m m m m m m

1st Floor Lvl 18.2261 30.0333 13.5866 25.41

4.6395 4.6233 12.42% 8.45%

2nd Floor Lvl 18.47 29.721 13.5165 24.9342

4.9535 4.7868 13.26% 8.75%

2nd Floor Mezz Lvl 0 0

0 0 0.00% 0.00%
3rd Floor Lvl 18.4016 29.4895 17.2553 29.1555 1.1463 0.334 3.07% 0.61%
4th Floor Lvl 18.2836 29.4385 17.5445 28.2465 0.7391 1.192 1.98% 2.18%

5th Floor Lvl 0 0

0 0 0.00% 0.00%
6th Floor Lvl 18.4861 28.8259 18.1088 27.7754 0.3773 1.0505 1.01% 1.92%
 Torsion Irregularity
TABLE: Story Max Over Avg Displacements

Story Output Case Case Type Step Type Step Number Direction Maximum Average Ratio
mm mm
6th Floor Lvl EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1X 19.582 18.48 1.06
5th Floor Lvl EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1X 15.806 14.063 1.124
4th Floor Lvl EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1X 11.621 11.153 1.042
3rd Floor Lvl EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1X 8.945 8.627 1.037
2nd Floor Mezz Lvl EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1X 6.76 6.198 1.091
2nd Floor Lvl EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1X 4.224 3.51 1.203
1st Floor Lvl EQx SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1X 2.66 2.153 1.235
6th Floor Lvl EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1Y 51.647 51.317 1.006
5th Floor Lvl EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1Y 42.67 42.1 1.014
4th Floor Lvl EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1Y 32.097 31.81 1.009
3rd Floor Lvl EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1Y 23.389 23.038 1.015
2nd Floor Mezz Lvl EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1Y 15.516 15.043 1.031
2nd Floor Lvl EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1Y 8.692 8.105 1.072
1st Floor Lvl EQy SLS LinStatic Step By Step 1Y 3.8 3.368 1.128
 Modal Patricipating Mass Ratio
TABLE: Modal Participating Mass Ratios
Case Mode Period, sec UX UY Sum UX Sum UY RZ Sum RZ
Modal 1 0.90 0.00 0.55 0.00 0.55 0.00 0.00
Modal 2 0.54 0.58 0.00 0.58 0.55 0.01 0.01
Modal 3 0.44 0.01 0.00 0.59 0.55 0.55 0.55
Modal 4 0.28 0.00 0.16 0.59 0.71 0.00 0.55
Modal 5 0.20 0.18 0.00 0.76 0.71 0.00 0.56 Modal Participating Mass Ratios
Modal 6 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.71 0.13 0.68 1.20
Modal 7 0.16 0.00 0.01 0.77 0.72 0.00 0.68

Modal Participating Mass Ratio

Modal 8 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.72 0.03 0.71 1.00
Modal 9 0.14 0.00 0.09 0.77 0.81 0.00 0.71
Modal 10 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.81 0.00 0.71 0.80
Modal 11 0.13 0.00 0.01 0.77 0.82 0.00 0.71
Modal 12 0.13 0.01 0.01 0.78 0.83 0.00 0.71 0.60
Modal 13 0.13 0.01 0.02 0.78 0.85 0.01 0.72
Modal 14 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.78 0.85 0.00 0.72 Sum UX
0.40
Modal 15 0.11 0.09 0.00 0.87 0.85 0.01 0.74 Sum UY
Modal 16 0.10 0.02 0.00 0.89 0.85 0.01 0.75 0.20
Modal 17 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.89 0.85 0.01 0.75
Modal 18 0.09 0.00 0.01 0.89 0.86 0.01 0.76 0.00
Modal 19 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.90 0.86 0.10 0.86 1 4 7 10
Modal 20 0.08 0.00 0.05 0.90 0.90 0.00 0.87 Mode Number
Modal 21 0.08 0.03 0.00 0.93 0.91 0.00 0.87
Modal 22 0.07 0.02 0.00 0.95 0.91 0.00 0.87
Modal 23 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.95 0.92 0.00 0.87
Modal 24 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.95 0.94 0.00 0.87
Modal 25 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.94 0.02 0.89
Modal 26 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.95 0.94 0.01 0.90
Shear Wall and Steel Brace Distribution
Retrofit Measures
Shear Wall Addition
Steel Bracing
Steel Bracing
 Column Jacketing

Shear Wall Jacket in Lift Walls and new added shear walls
Beam FRP Jacket
 Summary of the changes made to structure
during the retrofit design:
1. The design review of building with floor extension has been carried out in accordance with the provisions of NBC
105:2020. For additional analysis and design requirements, international codes such as IS 1893:2016 has been
referred.
2. The design review and retrofit design has been done assuming the importance factor as 1 and the lateral load resisting
system is selected as Structural Wall System for Block A and Moment Resisting Frame System for Block B.
3. New shear walls have been introduced at 5 locations to remedy the torsional irregularity. Shear walls for both the lifts
have been jacketed to avoid the in-plane shear and flexural failure.
4. Few columns have been jacketed using concrete jacket to accommodate the flexural demand. Similarly, few other
columns have also been jacketed using steel jacket to avoid failure.
5. Steel brace in grid 1, 3 and 16 have been added to supplement the shear walls in the upper stories where it was not
practical to provide shear walls due to architectural constraints.
6. Seismic analysis showed that few beams fail in shear as well as flexure. It has been recommended to provide CFRP
jacketing in such beams.
7. Some beams in 4th floor and above (which has not been constructed) also fail so the sizes for these beams have been
increased.
8. It is recommended to consult with Geotech Engineer regarding the foundation design and pile raft interaction.