GRAMMAR1

PASSIVE VOICE
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I. FORMATION: S + BE + V (PAST PARTICIPLE)

II. THE RULES TO CHANGE SENTENCES FROM ACTIVE TO PASSIVE

Active

Passive

1. The sentence must have objects

2. Object active sentence becomes the subject of passive sentence
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II. THE RULES TO CHANGE SENTENCES FROM ACTIVE TO PASSIVE
Active

Passive

3. The word “by” will be used before object of the PASSIVE (to emphasize who does
something)
4. The verb used is Verb III (past participle) which preceded by to be
5. The adjusted sentence structure by tenses
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III. THE FORM OF ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN TENSES
1. The Simple Present Tense
Active Passive

S + V/Vs/es + O S + is/are/am + V3 + (by object)

Example:
- Samson cares the lion. - The lion is cared by Samson.
- Ana does the homework. - The homework is done by Ana.
- Jessica always plays the - The guitar is always played by
guitar. Jessica.
- She buys a lot of books - A lot of books are bought every
every month. month by her
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III. THE FORM OF ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN TENSES
2. The Present Continuous Tense
Active Passive
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/ is/ are +  being + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

Example:
- She is reading a book in the
library.
- My father is watering trees
in the garden
- He’s phoning me to talk
about the assignment
- A book is being read in the
library by her
- Trees are being watered in the
garden by my father
- I am being phoned to talk about
the assignment.
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III. THE FORM OF ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN TENSES
3. The Present Perfect Tense
Active Passive
S + have/ has + V3 + O S + have/ has + been + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

Example:
- We have built a new road in
the village.
- They have shown more than
50 films in Ha Noi since June.
- Minh and Hoa have played
chess for hours.
- A new road has been built in the
village.
- More than 50 films have been
shown in HaNoi since June.
- Chess has been played for
hours by Minh and Hoa.
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III. THE FORM OF ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN TENSES
4. The Simple Past Tense
Active Passive
S + V-ed + O S + was/ were + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

Example:
 - The police arrested two
people yesterday
- They didn’t send that
report two days ago.
- Did he explain his lesson to
you yesterday?
- Two people were arrested
yesterday by the police.
- That report wasn’t sent two days
ago.
- Was his lesson explained to you
by him yesterday?
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III. THE FORM OF ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN TENSES
5. The Past Continuous Tense
Active Passive
S + was/ were + Ving + O S + was/ were +  being + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

Example:
 - Yesterday morning she was
cutting the grass.
- The singer knew that they were
praising her.
- Are you sure that no one was
watching you at that time?
- The grass was being cut by her
yesterday morning.
- The singer knew that she was
being praised.
- Are you sure that you were not
being watched?
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III. THE FORM OF ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN TENSES
6. The Past Perfect Tense
Active Passive
S + had + V3 + O S + had + been + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

Example:
 - She had cooked lunch before - Lunch had been cooked by her
leaving. before she left.
- She had met him before the - He had been met before the
party. party
- I had written the email before - The email had been written by
he apologized. me before he apologized
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FURTHER PRACTICE
HANDOUT 1
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III. THE FORM OF ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN TENSES
7. The Simple Future Tense
Active Passive
S + will V + O S + will be + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

Example:
 - I will feed the dogs.
- He will take the children to
school
- We will announce the results
of the examination on Tuesday.
- The dogs will be fed by me
- The children will be taken to
school by him
- The results of the examination
will be announced on Tuesday.
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III. THE FORM OF ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN TENSES
8. The Future Continuous Tense
Active Passive
S + will be + Ving + O S + will be +  being + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

Example:
 - I will be washing dishes this time - Dishes will be being washed by me
tomorrow. this time tomorrow.
- I'll be waiting for you here at 7 - You will be being waited here by me
o'clock tomorrow.  at 7 o’clock tomorrow
- We will be watching a football - A football match will be being
match by the time you arrive watched by us by the time you
tomorrow arrive tomorrow
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III. THE FORM OF ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN TENSES
9. The Future Perfect Tense
Active Passive
S + will have + V3 + O S + will have + been + V3 (+ by Sb/ O)

Example:
 - They will have completed the - The assignment will have been
assignment by the end of January. completed by the end of January.
- She will have completed the - The project will have been
project before the deadline completed before the deadline.
- I will have made the meal ready - The meal will have been made
before the time you come ready before the time you come
tomorrow.  tomorrow
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III. THE FORM OF ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN TENSES
10. Be going to
Active Passive
S + am/is/are going to + V-inf + O S + am/is/are going to + be + V3 (+ by Sb/

Example:
 - Sally is going to make a beautiful
dinner tonight.
- My father is going to buy a new
car next month.
- They are going to invite some
friends to their anniversary party
- A beautiful dinner is going to be
made by Sally tonight.
- A new car is going to be bought by
father next month.
- Some friends are going to be invited to
their anniversary party.
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III. THE FORM OF ACTIVE VOICE AND PASSIVE VOICE IN TENSES
11. Modal Verbs
Active Passive
S + modal verb + V-inf + O S + modal verb + be + V3 (+ by O)

Example:
 - They may announce this
news soon.
- We should bake this bread soon.
- We ought to bake the bread.
- They have to repair the machine
- This news may be announced soon.
- This bread should be baked soon.
- The bread ought to be baked.
- The machine has to be repaired
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FURTHER PRACTICE
HANDOUT 2
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IV. TYPES OF PASSIVE
1. Passive with two-object verbs: give, lend, send, show, buy, make, get ,
…
Example:
A: I gave him an apple.
P: An apple was given to him.
    He was given an apple by me.
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IV. TYPES OF PASSIVE
2. Passive with narrative verbs: assume, believe, claim, consider, expect,
feel, find, know, report, say, … 
Active : S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2
Passive: S2 + be + V3/-ed + to V hoặc It + be + V3/-ed + that + S2 + V2
Ex: 
A: People say that he is very rich.
P: He is said to be very rich.
    It’s said that he is very rich.
IV. TYPES OF PASSIVE
PASSIVE VOICE
3. Passive with the causative
Verbs Active Passive Examples

A: Tom has his son buy a cup of coffee.

(Tom nhờ con trai mua 1 cốc cà phê)
… have someone + V (bare) … have something + V3/-ed (+ by
HAVE something someone) P: Tom has a cup of coffee bought by his
son. (Tom có một cốc cà phê do con trai
mua.)

A: Merry makes the hairdresser cut her hair.

(Merry nhờ thợ làm tóc chỉnh lại mái tóc)
… make someone + V (bare) … (something) + be made + to V +
MAKE something (by someone) P: Her hair is made to cut by the
hairdresser. (Tóc của cô ấy được cắt bởi thợ
làm tóc.)

A: Jelly gets her husband to clean the

kitchen for her. (Jelly nhờ chồng dọn giúp
… get + someone + to V + … get + something + V3/-ed + (by nhà bếp)
GET
something someone)  P: Jelly gets the kitchen cleaned by her
husband. (Jelly được chồng dọn giúp nhà
bếp.)
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IV. TYPES OF PASSIVE
4. Passive with verbs referring to opinion : think, say, suppose , believe,
consider, report ,…
Ex:
Active: People think he stole his mother’s money.
Passive: It is thought that he stole his mother’s money. 
He is thought to have stolen his mother’s money. 
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IV. TYPES OF PASSIVE
5. Passive with verbs of perception: see, hear, watch, look, notice,…
S + V + Sb + Ving
Ex:
A: He watched them playing basketball.
P: They were watched playing basketball.

S + Ved + Sb + V (follow someone to do sth from the beginning to th

end)
Ex:
A: I heard her cry.
P: She was heard to cry.
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IV. TYPES OF PASSIVE
6. Passive of imperative

Forms Active Passive Examples

Positive V+O Let + O + be + P2 A: Do the exercise!

P: Let the exercise be done!
A: Don’t leave her alone!
Negative Don’t  + V + O  Don’t let + O + be + P2 P: Don’t let her be left alone!
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FURTHER PRACTICE
HANDOUT 2&3