I.

Motivation – (4pics1word)

Gottfried
Wilhelm
Leibniz
Relative Maximum/Minimum Value

Slope of a point of a curve in a

Critical Point
tangent line
 La Carlota City College
La Carlota City
Graduate School Department

Extrema Of Functions
Prepared by: Mr. John Laurence E. Dellomes

2nd Semester of S.Y. 2020 – 2021

Ed Math 303 – Advance Calculus
 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646 – 1716) TRIVIA TIME!
Leibniz was born in Leipzig, Germany. His father, a
professor of moral philosophy at the University of
Liepniz, died when Leibniz was six years old. The
precocious boy then gained to his father’s library and
began reading voraciously on a wide range of subjects,
a habit that he maintained throughout his life. At the age
of 15 he entered the University of Leipzig as a law
student and by the age of 20 received a doctorate degree
from the University of Altdorf (Nürnberg, Germany).
This gifted genius was one of the last people to have
mastered most major fields of knowledge, an impossible
accomplishment in our own era of specialization. He
was an expert in law, religion, philosophy, literature,
politics, geology, metaphysics, alchemy, history, and
mathematics. He discovered calculus during the time
when Newton discovered it.
 Introduction
y - axis
Relative Maximum Values

Absolute Maximum Values

Relative Minimum Values
F
extrema extremum
Plural form Singular form
Absolute Minimum Values

D  
Extreme points
B
Simple form

C ● are places where a function takes

E on an extreme value—that is, a
A value that is especially small or
especially large in comparison to
other nearby values of the function.
a         b
x - axis
 
 The Relative Maximum Value
 
   
 

   

  x
a b
 
 The Relative Maximum Value
 
y
3
 
 
2

-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1

-2

-3

Relative Maximum/Minimum Point?

 The Relative Maximum Value
 
y
3
     
 
2
   
 
0 1

-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1

-2

-3

Relative Maximum Point

 The Relative Maximum Value
  y
3
       
 
2
   
 
0 1

-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1

-2

-3

Relative Maximum Point

 The Relative Maximum Value
y
 
3
 
   
2
   
 
1
   
x
0
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1

-2

-3

Relative Maximum Point

 The Relative minimum Value
 
 

       
 

  x
a b
 
 The Relative minimum Value
  y
5

2
   
1
x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1

Relative Maximum/Minimum Point?

 The Relative minimum Value
 
y
5
   
4
   
0 3  

2
   
1
x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1

Relative Minimum Point

 The Relative minimum Value
 
y
5
     
4
   
0 3
 
2
 
1
x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1

Relative Minimum Point

 The Relative minimum Value
y
 
5

  4
   
3
     
0 2
 
1
x
-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1

Relative Minimum Point

 Remarks
● The existence of relative maximum (or minimum) of a function at a point does not imply that it has the
largest (or smallest) value at that point.
  y
3

1
  x

-4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4
-1

-2

-3
 Remarks
● The existence of relative maximum (or minimum) of a function at point does not imply that it has the
largest (or smallest) value at that point.
  y
 

   

   
0
   

3 4
 Remarks
● The existence of relative maximum (or minimum) of a function at a point does not imply that it has the
largest (or smallest) value at that point.
y
 
 

     

   
0
   

3 4
 Remarks
● The existence of relative maximum (or minimum) of a function at a point does not imply that it has the
largest (or smallest) value at that point.
y
 
 

     

       
0

3 4
 Theorem
 

The Critical number

 

The relative extrema of a function, if any occur at the critical numbers.

 Try It!
 

   
 The Relative extremum
 
 The Absolute
maximum Value
   

The Absolute  
Minimum Value
 
 Strategy for Obtaining the Absolute Extrema of a function
 

TRY IT!
 

Solution:
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 
Check the process

 
 

-3
 

Abs. & Relative

-2
 

Maximum
 

Abs. & Relative

2

Minimum
 

3
  
Check the process Absolute maximum value
& Relative maximum value

   

   

Table of values  

x  

y Absolute minimum
  value
& Relative minimum value

     
Solution:
 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
   
Absolute maximum values
   

Relative maximum value

 
Relative minimum value

   

  Absolute minimum values

 

 
  
Check the process
 
Relative minimum value  
 
 
 
 
 
  x -1 0 1 2
y 2 1 2 5

 
 
   
x -4 -3 -2 -1
y 17 10 5 0
 
 Assessment:
 
 `

“Everything is
relative, and The End
only that is
absolute.”
- Auguste Thank you!
Comte