01.

Status of Swine Industry in

Sri Lanka

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 Domestication
• Domesticated as early as 200 BC

Relatively large, smaller head, lighter F/Q

Narrow head, heavy a longer and wider body with
F/Q, tapering light H/Q bigger capacity , well devt meaty H/Q
Compact body

Typical - unimproved type improved type

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 HISTORY
• Introduce in 18th centaury by British planters
and missionaries
• Prior to 1965 no commercial pig units
• Before back yard pig farming popular. Few ind.
Pigs reared for scavengers on garbage
• In 1959 1st pig breeding farm – welisara
• Rapid growth observed after1965
- avail. of improved breeds

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 Livestock population (Sri Lanka)
2007 2008 2009 2010
cattle 1,206,490 1,195,610 1,136,860 1,169,670
buffalo 318,310 318,530 371,790 422,650
pigs 94,210 89,420 81,310 83,785
goat 388,600 376,790 377,460 373,465
sheep 16,480 10,450 8,000 7,910
chicken 13,778,610 1,4331,170 13,615,290 14,018,320
duck 16,050 18,740 15,244 13,485
H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 District 2007 2008 2009 2010
  National Total 94,210 89,420 81,311 83,785
 1.   Colombo  3,770 4,480 4,721 8,865
 2.   Gampaha 22,800 18,780 20,060 20,765
 3.   Kalutara 3,800 5,290 3,060 1,925
 4.   Kandy 800 700 580 475
 5.   Matale 3,800 3,850 2,180 2,510
 6.   Nuwaraeliya 360 420 500 390 Swine
 7.   Galle  970 1,000 990 1,010 population
 8.   Matara  500 170 190 95 in Sri Lanka
 9.   Hambantota  1,580 1,260 1,120 810
10.  Jaffna - - - -
11.  Kilinochchi - - - -
12.  Mannar 50 40 30 35
H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
13.  Vavuniya 80 Asst. 830
Lecturer
390 195
 District 2007 2008 2009 2010
14.  Mullativu - - - -
15.  Batticaloa 40 - 60 40
16.  Ampara 560 780 400 300
17.  Trincomalee 400 360 320 245
18.  Kurunegala 15,080 14,300 13,460 12,935
19.  Puttalam 26,100 24,800 20,960 20,085
20.  Anuradhapura 7,210 6,530 5,920 6,450
21.  Polonnaruwa  2,260 1,760 2,310 2,275
22.  Badulla 1,040 930 900 1,295
23.  Moneragala 950 1,270 990 1,190
24.  Ratnapura 920 940 780 910
25.  Kegalle 1,140 930 1,390 985
H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
Pig belt 70%
Gampaha, Puttalam

Pork contributes
about 1% to the livestock
component of the GDP.

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 Slaughter statistics (number)

District 2007 2008 2009 2010

Cattle 186,084 163,716 168,002 203,520

Goat& Sheep 64,283 58,288 62,635 68,351

Swine 31,861 21,481 22,265 19,539

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 Export & Import of Pork
Item 2007 2008 2009 2010
Import of Quantity
Pork Meat (MT) 70.56 52.1 3.68 7.34
and Pork Value
Products Rs./Mn) 28.66 22.35 0.71 1.36
Export of Quantity
Pork Meat (MT) 3.9 14.46 11.93 14.37
and Pork Value
Products Rs./Mn) 3.52 7.16 7.56 9.38
Pork Production (MT) 11,700 11,100 10,120 10,435

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 Price of Pork
Item 2007 2008 2009 2010
Price of a Curry Pork
(1 Kg./Dressed
Weight) 250 250 250 325
Loin
Pork 300 300 350-
Price of Leg Pork 350 400 400 400
Parts
(1Kg./Pork) Shoulder 325- - -

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 Price of Piglings

Item 2007 2008 2009 2010

Male 3,800.00 4,500.00 4,500.00 5,000.00
Breeding
Price of Piglet Female 4,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 5,500.00
a
Piglings
(Rs.) Fattening Piglet 3,800.00 4,500.00 4,500.00 5,000.00

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
Per Capita Availability 2001-2010 (Kg. per year)

Commodity/Year 2008 2009 2010

Beef 1.1 1.12 1.34
Pork 0.08 0.08 0.07
Mutton (Goat and Sheep) 0.07 0.07 0.08
Poultry 5.19 4.86 4.99
Total 6.44 6.13 6.48

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 Daily requirement of protein
• MRI ----- 62 - 65g of protein / day

Plant 41 g
Animal- 16 g from animal protein

• But we consumed about 8-10g/day. Therefore we

are suffering from protein malnutrition.

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 World meat production
(1000 MT) in year 2005

Beef Pork Broiler

USA 11318 9392 15870

Brazil 8592 2710 9350

China 7115 50106 10200

EU-25 7848 21101 7805

Russia 1525 1735 900

TOTAL 52454 96136 59161

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
Structure of the meat industry in world
 
4%

27% PORK
43% BEEF & VEAL
POULTRY
OTHERS

26%

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 Per capita availability of animal
products/ consumption
kg/head/yr
• Western Europe 82
• N. America 106.8
• E. Europe 69
• Oceanic (Australia) 196
• Latin America 37.6
• Sri Lanka 6.0
• Developing countries 14.3
• Developed countrie 78

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 Pork average consumption in
kg/person/year
Geographic region 1990 2000 Growth
%
Europe 41.5 34.0 -18
Africa 1.0 0.9 -10
South America 6.3 8.4 33
North/central America 21.4 22.6 5.6
Oceania 15.6 16.7 7
Asia 9.5 13.6 43
Global average 13.2
H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
14.8 12
Asst. Lecturer
 Farming systems
Identified three pig farming systems in Sri Lanka
1. Crop based – farmer cultivates crops in
addition to rearing pigs
2. Livestock based system- other livestock with
the pigs
3. Off-farm based system – the farmer has a
fulltime employment with regular income, in
addition to pig keeping
H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 Production systems
• The dominant pig production systems I Sri
Lanka can be grouped into 3 categories
depending on the size of the unit

1. Commercial level pig production system

2. Medium level pig production system and
3. Small or subsistence level production

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
• Pig producers

Small holders 60%

Medium Scale 25%
Large Scale 15%

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
• There are 3 main groups of pig farms in term
of the purpose

1. Farms producing piglets (breeder farms)

2. Farms purchasing piglets and fattening them
to market weight (fattener or finisher farms)
3. Farms producing piglets and fattening a
limited number to market weight and selling
rest of the piglets (mixed farms or farrow to
finisher farms)

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 Disease and health problems in swine
(%)
• Diarrhoea 44.7
• Swine fever 15.2
• Parasitic infections 16.4
• Foot and Mouth disease 2.8
• Respiratory disease 16.6
• Unknown 10.5

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 Potentials & advantages
• People need animal protein
• Quickest way of providing meat
- prolificacy - 6-12 piglets/litter
- rapid growth – 60-80 kg/ 6-8 m
• Meat productivity is very high
700 – 1000 kg of meat / year
• Consume wide variety of feed
• Land requirement is low
H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
• Tolerate wider env. Condition
• Consumer preference high (55%)
chicken> pork> beef
• Higher dressing percentage (70-80%)
• Availability of exotic breeds
• Higher FCR
- broiler
- pigs
• Short gestation period
• Shorter lactation period
H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
• Early maturity (6-8 m)
• Early heat after weaning
• Faster herd expansion
• Variety of meat & meat products
• Waste characters
- good manure
- higher gas content
• Govt. and private sector involvement in breeding
• Converted con. feed to meat twice as efficiently as
ruminants
• Provide employment opportunities for unemployed youth

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
 Problems/ disadvantages
• Religious constrains

• Poor marketing facilities

- restricted to an area, monopoly,
intermediates, low prices, quality barriers

• No price control for meat and breeding animal

• Lack of govt. involvement

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
• Social and environmental problems

- odour, flies, mosquitoes

- pig belt- densely populated
- effluent- pollution problems

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
• High cost of feed
- creep feed, super sow plus, pig starter
• Limited availability and accessibility to swill &
garbage
• Disease problems
- Agalactia, swine fever, parasites, mange,
pneumonia
• Pigs are disease carriers
- Japanese encephalitis

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
• Poor performance of exotic breeds under general
( poor) mgt.
• Poor productivity of local breeds
• Lack of good quality breeds under S/L condition
• Cannot provide a source of draught power for
farming operations
• As simple stomached animals, they compete
directly with humans for foods, esp. staple grains
and oil seeds

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
Identification of different body parts

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer
Reference (web sites)
• www.daph.gov.lk
• Department of census and statistics
• Ministry of livestock and rural development

H.M.W.N. Abeyrathna/
Asst. Lecturer