Effects and

Application of
Chemical Reactions
to Corrosion
CORROSION
• a process through which refined
metals are converted into more stable
compounds such as metal oxides,
metal sulfides, or metal hydroxides.
Likewise, iron rusting involves
forming iron oxides via the action of
atmospheric moisture and oxygen.
 TYPES OF CORROSION

• UNIFORM CORROSION
• This is the most frequent form of
corrosion which usually takes place
evenly over broad regions of a material’s
surface.
TYPES OF CORROSION

2. PITTING CORROSION
• It is one of the most abrasive types of corrosion and
can be challenging to characterise. A local anodic or
cathodic point creates a corrosion cell with the
surrounding surface to cause this localised type of
corrosion. This pitt has the ability to form a hole or
cavity that usually penetrates the material vertically
downward from the surface.
TYPES OF CORROSION
3. CREVICE CORROSION
• When oxygen is scarce, such as underneath
washers or on the heads of bolts, this type of
corrosion develops. The lack of oxygen
circulation in the stagnant microenvironment
precludes re-passivation, which stops the
buildup of stagnant solution and shifts the pH
balance away from neutral.
 TYPES OF CORROSION
4. INTERGRANULAR CORROSION
• When imperfections are present at the grain boundaries
that form during an alloy’s solidification, intergranular
corrosion results. The enrichment or depletion of an
alloying element near the grain boundaries can also be the
reason for it. Although the majority of the material is
untouched, this form of corrosion happens along or near
the grains, compromising the metal’s mechanical
properties.
TYPES OF CORROSION
5. STRESS CORROSION CRACKING
• it is the development of cracks as a result of a
corrosive environment, which can cause ductile metals
to break while under tensile stress, especially at high
temperatures. As opposed to pure metals, alloys are
more susceptible to this type of corrosion, which is
dependent on a particular chemical environment where
only very low concentrations of active chemicals are
needed to cause catastrophic cracking.
 TYPES OF CORROSION
6. GALVANIC CORROSION
• This type of corrosion happens when two
different metals in touch with one another
physically or electrically are submerged in
the same electrolyte (such salt water), or
when a metal is exposed to varied
electrolyte concentrations.
 RUSTING PROCESS
Rust results from a reaction called oxidation, in
which iron reacts with water and oxygen to form
hydrated iron (III) oxide. Essentially, the metal is
naturally returning to its unrefined state. Because
iron and oxygen have opposite charges, they
gravitate toward each other. But this results in iron
losing electrons to oxygen atoms (oxidation), and
the result is that flaky coating. The process can be
sped up various ways (and ones that you should
learn to avoid!), like nature’s minerals, chemicals
and temperature fluctuations.
 Effects of Chemical Reactions to
Corrosion
Redox reaction can be applied to corrosion. As it is a redox process, an
example of this is when an iron nail is exposed to oxygen and water, it will
then continue to rust. Iron is oxidized while oxygen is reduced to water
creating an oxidation and reduction or redox process.
 Application of Chemical Reaction
to Corrosion

The effects of corrosion can be seen everywhere. An example of

this is the Statue of Liberty where it actually had a brown color
reflecting the shiny copper surface of the skin but ocer the next
30 years, it turned into a color of blue and green.
 Application of Chemical Reaction
to Corrosion
Another example is the neodymium magnet which is a rare earth permanent
magnet made from an alloy of iron, neodymium, and boron. Because of
their high iron content, neodymium magnets are also highly susceptible to
corrosion in damp environments. This corrosion can cause serious
deterioration including crumbling of a magnet into a powder of small
magnetic particles or spalling of a surface layer.
 Application of Chemical Reaction
to Corrosion
From supplying cargo and connecting continents to changing the
course of the war, ships have played a prominent role in globalization.
But there is also something called marine corrosion which happens
when submarines are exposed to a combination of high moisture and
salt-laden sea spray both of which directly attack the steel through the
smallest deficiencies of the paint layer.