Wave Motion

Prepared by Lallykova Leyli

 Wave motion
• Wave motion is the transfer
of energy and momentum
from one point of the
medium to another point of
the medium without actual
transport of matter
between two points.
Types of wave motion
• Mechanical waves.
• Electromagnetic waves.
• Matter waves.

The basic properties of a wave are wavelength,

frequency, time period, speed and
amplitude.
• Waves come in two kinds, longitudinal
and transverse. Transverse waves are
like those on water, with the surface
going up and down, and longitudinal
waves are like of those of sound,
consisting of alternating compressions
and rarefactions in a medium
• What causes wave motion?
Waves are most commonly caused by
wind. Wind-driven waves, or surface
waves, are created by the friction between
wind and surface water. As wind blows
across the surface of the ocean or a lake,
the continual disturbance creates a wave
crest
How is energy transferred by wave motion?

• 'Wave' is a common term for a number of different

ways in which energy is transferred: In
electromagnetic waves, energy is
transferred through vibrations of electric
and magnetic fields. In sound waves, energy is
transferred through vibration of air particles or
particles of a solid through which the sound
travels.
Who discovered wave motion?
• In the 18th Century, French
mathematician and
scientist Jean Le Rond
d'Alembert derived the
wave equation, a thorough
and general mathematical
description of waves, which
laid the foundation for
generations of scientists to
study and describe wave
phenomena
Types of waves
• These 7 types of waves are as follows: Radio
Waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible,
Ultraviolet, X-Ray, Gamma Rays. Radio
waves have the longest wavelength and small
frequency while the gamma rays have shortest
wavelength and high frequency.
Wavelength and its formula
• Wavelength is the
distance between
identical points
(adjacent crests) in the
adjacent cycles of a
waveform signal
propagated in space or
along a wire. λ represents
wavelength, expressed in
meters. The v is wave
velocity, calculated as
meters per second. And
the f stands for frequency,
which is measured in hertz
(Hz)
What is the SI unit of wavelength?
• The SI unit of wavelength is meter usually
denoted as m. While measuring wavelength the
multiples or fractions of a meter is also used.
Frequency
• The wavelength is the distance between two
wave crests, and it will be the same for troughs.
The frequency is the number of vibrations that
pass over a given spot in one second, and it is
measured in cycles per second (Hz) (Hertz).
Relationship between frequency and wavelength

• Wavelength and frequency of light are

closely related: The higher the
frequency, the shorter the wavelength,
and the lower the frequency, the longer
the wavelength. The energy of a wave is
directly proportional to its frequency
but inversely proportional to its
wavelength. That means the greater the
energy, the larger the frequency and
the shorter the wavelength. Given the
relationship between wavelength and
frequency, short wavelengths are more
energetic than long wavelengths.
What is the speed of a wave?
• Speed = Wavelength x Wave Frequency. In
this equation, wavelength is measured in meters
and frequency is measured in hertz (Hz), or
number of waves per second. Therefore, wave
speed is given in meters per second, which is the
SI unit for speed
Standing waves
• standing wave, also called
stationary wave, combination
of two waves moving in
opposite directions, each
having the same amplitude
and frequency. The
phenomenon is the result of
interference; that is, when
waves are superimposed, their
energies are either added
together or canceled out.
Formation of Standing waves
• Standing waves are
formed by the
superposition of two
travelling waves of the
same frequency (with
the same polarization
and the same amplitude)
travelling in opposite
directions. This is usually
achieved by using a
travelling wave and its
reflection, which will ensure
that the frequency is exactly
the same.
Gamma Rays
• Gamma rays have the highest energies, the
shortest wavelengths, and the highest
frequencies. Gamma rays pack the most energy
of any wave and are produced by the hottest,
most energetic objects in the universe.
5 Interesting facts about waves
• 1.Waves do not transport matter - they transport
energy. And that's why surfers can ride 
ocean ripples.
• 2. Waves, or more precisely microwaves, can
also help cook your food. A microwave is a form
of radiation with wavelengths ranging from one
meter to one millimeter.
• 3. Waves are everywhere: they are a part of our
daily lives, in and out of the water. Sound is a
type of wave that travels through the air.
• 4. In fact, two occupants of a small fishing boat
that was in the area surfed that wave and
survived to tell the story.
• 5. Most waves we see coming in from the horizon
are a product of wind that blows over large areas
of the ocean. Length, height, period, and speed
are the main characteristics of a typical sea wave.
You have to know!
• Study of waves is called

Acoustics.
Thanks for attention!
Sources:www.wikipedia;
www.sciencing