“Take the LEAD,

Soar as ONE”
EFFECT OF MOTION/ACCELERATION

P2LT EIMEK JAY S CLEMEÑA MC

AVIATION MEDICAL EXAMINER
TERMINOLOGIES APPLIED IN
MOTION AND ACCELERATION
• Velocity, quantity that designates how fast and in what direction a point
is moving.

• Speed is a scalar quantity that refers to "how fast an object is moving.

• Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.

TYPES OF ACCELERATION
• LINEAR ACCELERATION
• AN OBJECT THAT IS MOVING IN A STRAIGHT LINE WILL BE
ACCELERATING IF ITS VELOCITY IS INCREASING OR DECREASING
DURING A GIVEN PERIOD OF TIME

• RADIAL ACCELERATION
• IN A UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION, THE ACCELERATION OF THE
OBJECT IS ALONG THE RADIUS, DIRECTED TOWARDS THE CENTRE
ANGULAR FACTORS THAT AFFECTS
ACCELERATION ON MAN
• ANGULAR ACCELERATION

• A CHANGE IN ROTATIONAL MOVEMENT OF THE

• BODY OCCURRING IN ANY PLANE OR DIRECTION
• G-FORCES ARE DIRECTED OUTWARD FROM THE AXIS OF THE SPIN.

• ACCELERATION IN GX AXIS

• FRONT TO BACK OR BACK TO FRONT

• DIRECTION OF G FORCES ACTING ON THE HUMAN BODY:
• GX IS THE FRONT-TO-BACK DIRECTION.
• LYING ON THE FLOOR FACE UP YOU WOULD EXPERIENCE ONE GX.
• HIGHEST G TOLERANCE IS IN THE X DIRECTION.
• VERY LITTLE ROOM FOR SHIFTING OF INTERNAL ORGANS
ANGULAR FACTORS THAT AFFECTS
ACCELERATION ON MAN
• ACCELERATION IN GY AXIS
• SHOULDER TO SHOULDER
• THE WORST G TOLERANCE IS IN THE Y AXIS.
• VERY LITTLE ROOM FOR SHIFTING OF INTERNAL ORGANS, HOWEVER, THE MEDIASTINUM,
(CONTAINING THE HEART, GREAT VESSELS) IF STRETCHED OR TORN, AT WOULD LEAD TO LIFE
THREATENING CONDITION.
• MEDIASTINAL SHIFT IS GENERALLY CAUSED BY CRASHES, AUTOMOTIVE OR AVIATION CRASHES.
•  
• ACCELERATION IN GZ AXIS
• HEAD TO FEET OR FEET TO HEAD
• TURNING IN THE AIRCRAFT INVOLVES BANKING, SO THE RADIAL FORCE IS FELT HEAD-TO-FOOT, AS
GEES. PULLING UP ADDS G FORCES. PUSHING OVER CREATES NEGATIVE G FORCES. YOU CAN BE
HANGING IN THE HARNESS AS IF YOU WERE UPSIDE DOWN.
• BIGGEST PROBLEM IS POOLING OF BLOOD IN THE LOWER BODY, DRAINING AWAY FROM THE BRAIN
EFFECTS OF ACCELERATION IN A
HUMAN BODY
• PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
• EFFECTS ON MOBILITY
• CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS
• VISUAL EFFECTS
• THE INTRA-OCULAR PRESSURE SQUEEZES THE BLOOD OUT OF THE CIRCULATION
TO THE EYEBALL BEFORE IT IS DRAINED FROM THE BRAIN.
• GRAYOUT, TUNNEL VISION, BLACKOUT
• VESTIBULAR EFFECTS
• CAN PRODUCE ERRONEOUS STIMULI UNDER CERTAIN FLIGHT CONDITIONS CAN
CONTRIBUTE TO MOTION SICKNESS
EFFECTS OF ACCELERATION IN A
HUMAN BODY
• CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS
• CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS ARE PRODUCED AS THE BODY TRIES TO COMPENSATE
FOR THE LOSS OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE BRAIN, AND AS WE’LL SEE A LITTLE
LATER, THIS COMPENSATION IS PRETTY GOOD AT LOWER G LEVELS, AS LONG AS THE
BODY HAS TIME TO SENSE THE PROBLEM AND REACT.
• THE CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSE DEPENDS ON THE DIRECTION OF G FORCE. WE’LL
TAKE A QUICK LOOK AT NEGATIVE GS, FIRST. BLOOD POOLING BEGINS AT AS LITTLE
AS ZERO GS. THE ASTRONAUTS EXPERIENCE “CHICKEN LEGS” AND PUFFY FACES,
BECAUSE OF A FLUID SHIFT UP FROM THE LOWER BODY. OUR BODIES ARE DESIGNED
TO WORK AT ONE G.
• NEGATIVE ONE G IS LIKE HANGING UPSIDE DOWN. WHILE IT WAS FUN WHEN YOU
WERE A KID, IT’S PROBABLY NOT SO APPEALING NOW. MOST PILOTS AVOID
NEGATIVE GS BECAUSE THEY ARE VERY UNCOMFORTABLE, AND THERE REALLY ISN’T
A GOOD TACTICAL USE FOR THEM.
EFFECTS OF ACCELERATION IN A
HUMAN BODY
• NOTICE AT HIGHER NEGATIVE GS, IT’S NOT LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS THAT
OCCURS BUT INCAPACITATION.
• POSITIVE GZ CREATES THE HEAD TO FOOT FORCES THAT CAUSE BLOOD POOLING
IN THE LOWER BODY. BLOOD POOLING CAN BEGIN AT AS LITTLE AS ONE G! IF
YOU HAVE EVER SAT IN ONE POSITION FOR A LONG TIME, ON A TRANSOCEANIC
FLIGHT FOR EXAMPLE, YOU MAY HAVE HAD SWOLLEN ANKLES AT THE END OF
THE FLIGHT BECAUSE OF A FLUID SHIFT TO THE LOWER BODY. OUR BODIES USE
MUSCULAR ACTION OF WALKING TO PUMP BLOOD UP FROM THE LOWER LEGS.
• AS G FORCES INCREASE, GRAY OUT OCCURS, THEN BLACK OUT, THAT IS VISUAL
BLACKOUT. LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS, ON AVERAGE, HAPPENS AT ABOUT 5 GS
IF YOU DON’T APPLY ANY METHOD OF PREVENTING IT. WE’LL TALK ABOUT THE
METHOD OF PREVENTING LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN A MINUTE.
FACTORS REDUCING G
TOLERANCE:
• DEHYDRATION
• FATIGUE
• DRUGS & SELF-MEDICATION
• ALCOHOL
• HYPOGLYCEMIA
QUESTIONS?
“Take the LEAD,
Soar as ONE”
End of Presentation