Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Titration
Titration
Titration
2
Titration
• Titration
– Analytical method in standard solution
which a standard
solution is used to
determine the
concentration of an
unknown solution.
unknown solution
Titration
OH -
MV n = MV n
M: Molarity
V:volume
n:# of H+ ions in the acid
or OH- ions in the base
Titration
pink
equivalence
pH
point
7
base
• Titration Basics
– A pH curve shows the change in pH versus volume of titrant as the titration
proceeds
½ Equivalence Pt.
pH = pKa
12.5
III.Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid
– Similar problem to the titration of a weak acid with a strong base
• Determine major species from the stoichiometry
• Calculate pH from weak acid, buffer, or weak base accordingly
– Example: Titrate 100 ml of 0.10 M NH3 (Kb = 1.8 x 10-5) with 0.1 M HCl.
IV. Titrations of Polyprotic Acids and Bases
1. Multiple Inflection Points = Multiple Equivalence Points will be seen
2. The volume required to reach each equivalence point will be the same
CO32- + H+ HCO3- Kb1 = KW/Ka2 = 1.8 x 10-4 (pKb1 = 3.74)
HCO3- + H+ H2CO3 Kb2 = KW/Ka1 = 2.3 x 10-8 (pKb2 = 7.64)
pKa2 = 10.26
pKb1 = 3.74
pKa1 = 6.36
pKb2 = 7.64
• For a basic solution titrated with acid, [In-]/[HIn] = 10/1 for color change
– Log(10/1) = +1, pH for color change will equal pKa + 1
– Useful range for a pH Indicator is always pKa +/- 1
V. Experimental Details
– Three Titrations Today
• Titrate 10 ml of unknown HCl with NaOH, using Methyl Red
• Titrate 10 ml of unknown HOAc with NaOH, using Phenolphthalein
• Titrate 25 ml of unknown Na2CO3 with HCl, using Methyl Orange
• RECORD pH at which Indicator Changes Color
– Use your titration curves to answer all questions in the lab handout
• Turn in a graph for each titration
• Don’t worry about “Data Sheet” (manual titration) except for indicator color changes