Grammatical structures

PRESENT SIMPLE AND THE FUTURE

 Structure Present Simple

AFFIRMATIVE
Subject + Verb + Complement.
NEGGATIVE
Subject + Auxiliary “do” or “does” + NOT + Verb + Complement
INTERROGATIVE
auxiliary “do” or “does” + Subject + Verb + Complement + ?
 Simple Past

 There is a rule that only applies to sentences in the present simple affirmative. When using the personal
pronouns he, she, it, nouns and proper names in the singular, the verb is modified according to the
following:

 If the verb ends in X, SH, CH, O, SS and Z, add “-es” to the end. For example: Fix = Fixes, Wish = Wishes,
Watch = Watches, Miss = Misses, Go = Goes
 If the verb ends in a different combination than the previous one, “-s” is added to the end. For example:
Work = Works, Eat= Eats, Call = Calls, Sleep = Sleeps
 If the verb ends in “Y”, but before it has a vowel, “-s” is added at the end. For example: Play = Plays, Pay =
Pays
 If the verb ends in "Y", but before it has a consonant, the "Y" is eliminated and "-ies" is added. For
example: Fly = Flies, Study = Studies
 SIMPLE PAST NEGATIVE

 In this case, to write negative sentences, the auxiliary "do" must be used when we use the
pronouns "I, You, We, They" and the auxiliary "does" when we use the pronouns "he, she,
it", nouns and singular proper nouns.
 Types of questions

 There are other types of questions, which are called “Wh question”. These are
interrogative words that are used to specify the question and are the following: Who
(who), What (what), Where (where), When (when), Why (why) and How (how).
STRUCTURE FUCTURE

 AFFIRMATIVE
subject + will o'll + infinitive
NEGATIVE
subject + won’t + infinitive
INTERROGATIVE
will o’ll + subject + infinitive
 FUCTURE

 We use will to talk about the future when we are not sure what is going to happen.
 EXAMPLE
 My team will win on Sunday
 We also use will when we have just made a decision about what we are going to do.
 EXAMPLE:
 I will take the fish would be I'll have the fish.
EXAMPLE FUCTURE