BSR304

PART B - CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT
PROJECT MANAGMENT
 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

DEFINITION
PROJECT
Can be considered to be any series of activities and tasks that have:
• A specific objective to completed within certain specification
• Start and finish dates
• Funding limits (if applicable)
• Consume resources (e.g: money, people, equipment)
 OTHER
set of activities that use
resources (money, people,
materials, energy, space,
provisions,
communication, etc.) to
meet the pre-defined
objectives.
A unique set of coordinated
activities with definite
starting and finishing
points, undertaken by an
individual or organization
to meet specific
performance objectives
within defined schedule,
cost and performance

DEFINITIO
parameters
(BS6079, 2000)

Any non-
NS
A temporary endeavor/task
repetitive
undertaken to create a
activity
unique product, service or
result (PMBOK)
 DEFINITION OF PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
Project management Project management
is the application of is the complete set of
knowledge, skills, tools and tasks, techniques, tools
techniques to project applied during project
activities to meet project execution
requirements
must meeting or
exceeding:
stakeholder needs and expectation
invariably involves balancing
competing demands among:
• Scope, time, cost and quality
• Stakeholders with differing needs
and expectations
• Identified requirements / needs
and unidentified requirements.
 POJECT MANAGEMENT: 5 basic
phases
The process of DIRECTING AND CONTROLLING a project from start to finish may be further divided into 5 basic phases:
A project plan, project charter and/or project scope may be put in writing,
outlining the work to be performed.
During this phase, a team should prioritize the project, calculate a budget and
schedule, and determine what resources are needed.
Project
conception Project launch
and or execution
initiation

Project
definition and
planning
An idea for a project will be carefully examined to Resources' tasks are distributed and teams
determine whether or not it benefits to the
are informed of responsibilities. This is a
organization.
During this phase, a decision making team will good time to bring up important project
identify if the project can realistically be completed. related information.
 POJECT MANAGEMENT: 5 basic
phases
Project managers will compare project status and progress to the
actual plan, as resources perform the scheduled work.
During this phase, project managers may need to adjust schedules
or do what is necessary to keep the project on track.

Project
Close

Project
performance and
control
• After project tasks are completed and the client has approved the outcome, an evaluation is
necessary to highlight project success and/or learn from project history.
• Projects and project management processes vary from industry to industry; however, these
are more traditional elements of a project.
• The overarching goal is typically to offer a product, change a process, or to solve a problem
in order to benefit the organization.
 PROJECT CLOSURE
THERE ARE FOUR METHOD OF PROJECT HANDING OVER

PLAN PLAN PLAN PLAN

1 2 3 4
PRE SECTIONAL PARTIAL HANDING OVER
DELIVERY COMPLETION OCCUPATION
or practical completion
– pra-serahan @ or completion phases – serahan separa – penyerahan secara total
serahan atas penyiapan secara mengikut mana2 aau seluruh projek yang
persetujuan bersama berperingkat2 atau ikut bangunan yang boleh telah siap sempurna.
fasa2 diserah dulu
 PROJECT CLOSURE
THERE ARE FOUR TASKS THAT SHOULD EXECUTED
DURING PROJECT CLOSURE

1
4
Manual / documentation -
2 3
all manuals and
documents are compiled, feedback from building
updated and stored Update / provide all users / occupants on the
neatly. manual operations, quality and function of the
detailed drawing, design Defects liability period - after building.
and lease conditions and submission, the building is
instructions should be within the Defect Liability
provided to the client. Period.
 01 GOAL/OBJECTIVE

PROJECT 02 MANPOWER/ TECHNICAL

RESOURCES
MANAGEMEN
T
The Important • PLANNING
• ORGANISING 03 TIME
Characteristic • DIRECTING
Of Project • CONTROLING

Management 04 MONEY

05 END PRODUCT
 DETERMINE OBJECTIVE
PLANNING ASSESSMENT/
RESEARCH RESOURCES
ESTABLISH STRATEGIES

EVALUATE
ACHIEVMENTS & PROJECT
GOALS
REPORTS MANAGEMENT
TROUBLESHOTTING
& CYCLE
SOLVE PROBLEM

G
TIN
EN
EM
CO

PL
NT

IM
RO
INL
G

ALLOCATE RESOURCES
GUIDE
IMPLEMENTATION
COORDINATES EFFORTS
 SCOPE OF PROJECT
Project Boundaries
SCOPE refers to a project’s
boundaries
Objective
Scoping involves establishing realistic
and specific objectives with establish
in advance the desired results.
Objectives must be stated in definite
and measurable terms which cover
costs, schedules and quality or
performance requirements.
Work Complete
It determines the work will be
completed during the project life
cycle
Work Won’t included
This includes identifying the works
that won’t be included in the current
product/service development.
Output
During the planning process, outputs
are created to capture and define the
work that needs to be completed.
Controlling & monitoring
The controlling and monitoring
process is done to managing the
project scope, documenting, tracking,
and approving/disapproving project
changes.
Assessment
Finally, the closing process includes
an audit of project deliverables and
assesses the outcomes against the
original plan
Product & Project Scope
Scope is about product scope and project
scope. Project scope includes business
requirements, project requirements and
delivery requirements. Product scope
includes technological requirements,
security requirements and performance
requirements
 PROJECT COMPONENT

According Oberlender (1993),

SCOPE BUDGET
PROJECT has three components,

PROJECT
MANAGMENT

SCHEDULE
 SUCCESSFUL PROJECT
Successful project management can be defined as having achieved the project objectives;

WITHIN TIME WITHIN COST

UTILIZING THE
AT THE DESIRED ASSIGNED
PERFORMANE/ RESOURCES
TECHNOLOGY EFFECTIVELY
LEVEL AND
EFFICIENTLY
 PROJECT OBJECTIVE
The objectives of an project can be grouped into 3:

01 02 03

Performance & Quality Budget Time to Complete

The end result of a project
must fit for the purpose that it
was intended for. The
specification must be satisfied.
A project must be completed
without exceeding the allocated
budget.
A common risk to any projects
is failure to start work on time.
Therefore, it is important to
make sure that all stages of a
project must start as planned
to result in completion on
planned finish time.
Objectives of Project (cont’d)

In some cases, client has to make a

decision which of the objectives is
prioritized when the project is
PERFORMANCE
defined and planned.

In the triangle of project objectives

shown put the performance as the
OBJECTIVES paramount objective.

COST TIME
 4 MAIN ELEMENT IN PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
The features and characteristics of project management tend to be unique and normally it should
comprise FOUR (4) primary elements which are:

PROJECT PROJECT
TEAM SCHEDULING PROJECT
CONTROL
PROJECT
1 PLANNING 3

2 4
 PROJECT TEAM

01 02 03 04

consist of a group of individuals Members of the engineering Workers can also be involved on Example project team for
selected from various areas in the staff are often assigned to the project team if their job is a construction work; site
organisation or from outside the project work because of their function of the project activities. supervisors, kepalas, crane
organisation because of their technical skills, especially if As one of the principles of TQM operators, truck drivers, site
special skills, expertise and the project is related to the states that, the employees who personnel, purchasing officers as
experience related to the project production processes or work in an areas can be part of well as engineers to monitor and
activities. equipment. the ‘problem – solving’ or control the construction work,
project team in order to take work progress, vehicle flows and
advantage of their unique routes, space constraints and
perspective and expertise. ordering and delivery of the
required resources.
PROJECT TEAM (CONT’D)

The organization structure of the project

team is normally in a form of matrix.

Vertical dimension: company normal

organisational structure for performing
jobs
Horizontal dimension:special functional
structure required by the project

The most important person member of

the project team is the project manager.
The project manager is often under great
pressure to make sure that the objectives
of the project are achieved.
 PROJECT Planning a project requires
that the objectives of the
PLANNING WORK TO BE DONE project be clearly defined so
the manager and his team
know what is expected. These
objectives are normally
prepared in the form of a
formal written description of:

WHAT TO BE PROJECT TIME

ACCOMPLISHED FRAME
 PROJECT PLANNING
Operation Operation Quantity Method Sequence of Plant & Labour Output Duration
No. Operation

1 Concrete to 100m² Ready mixed After 5 men 1 day

strip and ready concrete to be reinforceme
pad footing mixed discharged nt work
concrete direct into the completed,
foundations. concrete
Site access to work may
the point of commence
concreting is
required.

Alternative:

Ready mixed Wheelbarrows

concrete to be
delivered
using wheel
barrows.

Table: Example of Method Statement

 PROJECT PLANNING
(CONT’D)

All activities or steps of Once the activities have

work in the project must be been identified, their
clearly identified. An sequential relationship to
activity is the performance each other, called
of an individual job or precedence relationship,
work effort that requires must be determined, that is
labour, resources and time to decide which activities
that is subject to come first, which follow
management control and and so on
supervision.
 PROJECT PLANNING (CONT’D)
Therefore, the elements of project planning are:

DEFINE PROJECT ACTIVITIES

1 It is fundamental
importance to
note that the level
IDENTIFY ACTIVITIES
2 of detail of the
plan and the
choice of
technique are
related.
ESTABLISH PRECEDENCE
RELATIONSHIP 3
PROJECT PLANNING
(scheduling)
It is very important to schedule
and plan a construction activities
through several techniques, Linear program – for linear
notably computerized Bar chart / Gantt chart –
projects/products (eg. Highways,
programming tool. for simple projects
tunnels, railways, pipeline etc)
There are four (4) method of
planning techniques (Planner's
Tool-Kit) are commonly used in
construction activities.

Line of balance / Elemental Trend Analysis Arrow network / CPM

– suitable for repetitive works (eg.
Housing, pre cast concrete product, multi
storey building)
 PROJECT SCHEDULING

Project scheduling
Chart showing
involves sequencing and
schedules for personnel
allocating time to all
needed by type of skill,
project activities. At this
numbers and when
stage, project managers
together with materials
must estimate how long
schedules and
each activity will take to
equipment schedules
complete and how many
must be prepared.
people and how much
resources needed at any
stage of work
 PROJECT SCHEDULING
Planning techniques such as Gantt charts and Critical Path Method
(CPM) will be used to help the managers to make sure that:
03
Their order of 04 06
01 performance The overall The resources
All activities are accounted project time is requirements
are planned developed are determined
to meet the
objectives

02
The activity 07 05
time estimates Better use of people, money The relationship of each
are recorded and material resources by activity to each other and to
identifying critical bottlenecks the whole project is shown
in the project
 PROJECT CONTROL
Once the project planning and scheduling processes are completed, the project can physically initiated or the
early activities can start. At this point, project management focuses on the control of the work involved in
the project.
In project control, project managers must make sure that:

01 02 03 04 05

All activities All activities are Resource needs are Schedule must be Project schedule
are identified completed in the identified as the adjusted to reflect is maintained
and included proper sequence wok is started and time changes and and the project is
completed corrections completed on
time
 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS OF
PROJECT MANAGEMENT BY SEQUENCE

PROJECT TEAM PROJECT PLANNING PROJECT SCHEDULING PROJECT CONTROLLING

1. Forming a project team 1. Identifying the project 1. Apportioning resources 1. Monitoring resources,
2. Defining the project activities to specific activities cost, quality & budget
3. Setting up the goals 2. Estimating completion 2. Relating activities to each 2. Revising & changing
time other plans / designs
3. Assigning personnel and 3. Updating and revising on 3. Shifting resources to
resources to the activities regular basis the project meet time, cost and
planning quality demands
TOOLS
Time & Cost estimation TOOLS TOOLS
Cash flow Gantt Chart CPM / PERT
Materials Availability CPM / PERT Reports describing budgets,
List of personnel involved Cash flow diagram delayed activities, slack
Working drawing & spec activities, quality of work
completed
 CONCLUSION

Managing a project is subject to lots

of uncertainty and the distinct
possibility of failure. Since a project
is unique and usually has not been
attempted previously, the outcome is
not as certain as the outcome of an
ongoing process would be.

THANK YOU……