Human Skeletal System

Grade 5 : Science
 Everything requires a structure

The skeletal system is the organ system that provides an internal framework
for the human body.The bones form this framework and is called skeleton.
 Bones
• There are 206 bones in an adult human skeleton.
• Bones are made up of minerals such as calcium and
phosphorus.
• Bone marrow present inside the bones produces the red
blood cells.
• Bones are of different shape and size.
• Fingers and toes have long bones, wrist and ankle has
short bones, bones of the skull and breastbone are flat,
bones of the spine and hips are irregular in shape.
Types of Bones
 Major Bones Of The Human Body :

• The skeleton consists of the :

• Skull
• Jawbone
• Backbone
• Ribcage
• Limbs
• Girdles
 Describe Skull
The skull is
made up of 22
The skull is a
bones of which 8
hollow , round
form the skull
structure
and 14 form the
present in the
face.
head that
All the bones of
covers and
the skull are
protects the
fixed and
brain and
immovable
gives shape
except the lower
to the face.
jaw.
 Jawbone
The Jawbone is the U- shaped bone of the lower jaw. It is the
largest and the strongest bone in the face that holds the lower
teeth. It is the only bone on the face that can move and helps to
move the mouth to talk and chew our food.
 Backbone
The backbone also called as the vertebral column or spine is a long bony
structure made up of 33 small bones each called as vertebrae.
The backbone encloses and protects the delicate spinal cord.
 Ribcage
Sternum
The ribcage is made up of 12 pairs of
thin, curved bones called ribs present in
the chest region. A flat long bone called
the sternum is present at the centre of
the chest and hold the ribs together in
the front except the last two pairs.
These two pairs are called floating ribs.
At the back the ribs are held together
by the backbone.The ribcage protects
the delicate organs like heart and lungs.
Floating Ribs
 Bones of Lower Limb

Limbs
Human beings have four limbs: a pair of upper
limbs and a pair of lower limbs
Upper
Lower limbs
limbs

Upper Lower Upper Lower

arm arm leg leg

Upper arm has a single long bone called humerus which is Upper leg has the longest bone in the body called the femur
joined to 2 bones of the lower arm at the elbow. also known as thigh bone which is joined to 2 bones of the
lower leg at the knees.
 The shoulder girdle – made up of shoulder blade and the
Girdles collar bone.
The hip girdle – made up of 3 bones fused to form a single
bone.

Hip Girdle (collar bone)

(shoulder blade)
Lets
Lable
Important Terms
Explain the types of movable joints
Type Structure Function Location

Ball and Socket the ball shaped end of allows movement in all shoulder and hip
one bone fits into the directions
cup shaped socket of
another bone

Hinge formed when two or allows only back and knees,toes,elbows,

more bones meet and forth movements fingers
move along an axis to
bend
Pivot formed when rounded allows us to move our found between the first
end of one bone fits head sideways and the second vertebrae
into a ring formed by of the neck region of the
the other bone backbone

formed between allows the bones to glide Wrist, ankle and between
Gliding bones that meet at flat against each other. the bones of the backbone
surfaces
Movable Joints Ball and Socket Joint

Pivot Joint

Hinge Joint
There are over 600 muscles in our body. Based on their function, muscles are of two types. Muscles
assist the skeleton in movements.
Lets Look At
 Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary
muscles.
Muscles whose movements can be controlled by us are called
voluntary muscles.They are found in the arms, legs,hands and
feet.
Those muscles whose movements can not be controlled by us
instead work on their own are called involuntary muscles.There
are two types of involuntary muscles :
Smooth : present inside internal organs like intestines and
stomach.
Cardiac : present inside the wall of the heart.These muscles work
all the time whether we are asleep or awake.
Taking care of our bones, joints and muscles

We should do the following :

•Eat protein rich foods like milk, egg, cheese, fish, meat,
pulses etc.
•Eat foods rich in calcium like milk, curd, almond and
cheese,
•Eat foods rich in vitamin D and C like cheese, egg yolks,
citrus fruits, tomatoes etc.
•Exercise regularly like walking, running etc.
•Play sports like football, basketball etc.
•Do yoga.
 Importance of rest, good posture and exercise
• Rest : the body needs 6 to 8 hours of sleep everyday and
sufficient rest to function properly.
• Posture : keep back straight while standing or sitting
because a bent back puts burden on the backbone and
joints and this may lead to pains later.
• Exercise : simple exercises like balancing and stretching
helps to keep our body fit and healthy.
Correct Posture Infograph
 Lets Recap

1. The Skeletal System gives shape and support to the

body.
2. It protects the delicate internal organs of the body.
3. It allows the movement of various body parts.
4. It provides strength and rigidity to the body.
5. It makes us able to stand erect.