WG9 3chapter07

Chapter 7:
Verbals
COME, THOU FOUNT
COME, THOU FOUNT
 What comparison is the songwriter making between himself

and an instrument?
 How does the writer make God’s love seem strong and
everlasting?
 How does the writer make mercy and blessing seem
abundant and free?
VERBALS
VERBALS
 Verbals are verb forms that function as other parts of
speech in a sentence.
• nouns, adjectives, and adverbs
 A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective.
• The present participle consists of the first principal
part of the verb plus ing.
 looks like part of the progressive form
IN SUMMARY
 Verbals are verb forms that function as nouns, adjectives, or
adverbs.
 A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective.
 The present participle consists of the first principal part of
the verb plus ing.
7.1 PRACTICE THE SKILL
1. The automobile industry has stimulated a
flourishing economy.
2. The automobile has also given people
astonishing freedom.
3. Cars are essential for many traveling people.
4. People are depending on cars for everyday and
long-distance travel.
7.2 REVIEW THE SKILL
1. Henry Ford introduced the Model N in 1906 for the
amazing cost of $600.
2. Around the same time, the Oldsmobile had a startling price
of $2,750.
3. Ford felt that working people should be able to afford cars.
PARTICIPLES
 The past participle is the same as the third principal
part of the verb.
• without an auxiliary
IN SUMMARY
 The past participle is the same as the third principal part of
the verb.
1. The earliest built cars were unreliable.
2. The mounted engine was located behind or under
the driver.
3. Self-propelled engines first used steam.
4. Competition from railroad and stagecoach
companies caused the continued decline of the
steam car.
1. Varied accessories are available for a car lover’s vehicle.
2. Perhaps the chosen accessory would be a bug deflector.
3. Due to increased need for security, a car owner might buy
an alarm.
PARTICIPLES
 A participle and all of its modifiers and complements
make up a participial phrase.
• functions as a modifier
IN SUMMARY
 A participle and all of its modifiers and complements form a
participial phrase.
1. Causing thrill and adventure, automobile races
fascinate man.
present
2. Cars, racing toward a finish line, have always
attracted crowds.
present
3. The first organized races occurred in France.
past
4. Developed largely by Napoleon, France’s roads
were better equipped for races.
past
S LV PN
1. (Forgotten by many,) Frederick Adams was a force behind
one of America’s first automobile races.
S InV
2. (Sponsored by the Chicago-Times Herald,)the race ran from
Chicago to Evanston.
S InV
3. Frederick Adams was traveling across the country(looking
for public support.)
GERUNDS
 A gerund is a verbal with ing that functions as a noun.
IN SUMMARY
 A gerund is a verbal that functions as a noun.
1. One of Ransom Olds’s first ventures was the
manufacturing of the steam engine.
2. When various companies heard of the engine, they
began buying.
3. Were there other uses for his engine? Olds started
exploring.
4. Olds gave the developing of his engine his attention.
1. One of William K. Vanderbilt Jr.’s greatest passions was
racing.
PN
2. Because of his love for the automobile, Vanderbilt also gave
manufacturing much of his attention.
IO
3. Vanderbilt felt that American automakers were slow in
producing.
OP
GERUNDS
 A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and all of its
modifiers and complements.
• functions as a noun
IN SUMMARY
 A gerund phrase consists of a gerund and all of its modifiers
and complements.
1. (Repairing automobiles)can be extremely expensive.
2. You can avoid some costly repairs by(knowing your
vehicle.)
3. Another safeguard is(asking knowledgeable
questions.)
4. One helpful routine maintenance is(changing the oil.)
1. Many people are concerned about(polluting the
environment.)
OP
2. Their goal is(finding helpful methods of pollution reduction.)
PN
3. Many enjoy(owning electric vehicles.)
DO
1. People buying a car have various tastes and desires.
P
2. A minivan is good for traveling with a family.
G
3. Riding in comfort is also a benefit of a van.
G
INFINITIVES
 An infinitive is a verbal that can function as a noun, an
adjective, or an adverb.
 A simple infinitive consists of the word to followed by the
first principal part of the verb.
IN SUMMARY
 An infinitive is a verbal that functions as a noun, an
adjective, or an adverb.
 An infinitive consists of the word to and the first principal part
of the verb.
1. People have a need to drive for many different
reasons.
2. In the days before the automobile, people had many
difficulties to overcome.
3. What if you had a serious illness to cure?
4. To ride by horse was a necessity for doctors.
1. Roads are especially interesting to study.
adv
2. The need to build has become greater.
adj
3. People like to drive for many reasons.
noun
INFINITIVES
 An infinitive and its modifiers and complements make
up an infinitive phrase.
• functions as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb
 A split infinitive has a modifier between the word to
and the verb of an infinitive.
• Avoid split infinitives.
IN SUMMARY
 The infinitive with its modifiers and complements makes up
an infinitive phrase.
 Avoid using a modifier between the word to and the verb of
an infinitive.
1. In 1909 Alice Huyler Ramsey’s goal was to drive
from coast to coast in the United States.
2. She would become the first woman to accomplish
this task.
3. Alice Ramsey did not have any maps to point her in
the right direction.
4. Sometimes, Ramsey and her companions became
lost and looked for telephone lines to find the
transcontinental railroad.
1. To ride in comfort is a daily experience for us; however,
early travelers did not have such comfort.
noun
2. Early cars had interesting devices to operate the car.
adj
3. Travelers needed to wear protective clothing.
noun
1. Using special equipment is necessary for the military.
G
2. To aid the military, vehicles must be reliable.
I
3. Military vehicles might be used in many threatening
situations.
P
7.17A CUMULATIVE REVIEW
Building roads and highways takes planning. An engineer in
highway construction must first research. Then he can begin to
build. . . .
7.17B CUMULATIVE REVIEW
1. an adjectival prepositional phrase
in highway construction
2. an adverbial prepositional phrase
on low-traffic roads
3. a coordinating conjunction
and
COME, THOU FOUNT
COME, THOU FOUNT
 Can you find any participles, gerunds, or infinitives in the

poem? If so, identify those that you find.
WRITING POETRY
quatrain
diamante
QUATRAIN
PLANNING
 Choose a hymn tune.
 Brainstorm for ideas.
 Decide your topic.
 Select the rhyme scheme.
DRAFTING
 Write two couplets.
 Include precise words.
REVISING
 Polish your couplets.
 Write a clean copy.
DIAMANTE
PLANNING
 Choose two contrasting words.
 Make a list of supporting words.
 Organize the words.
DRAFTING
 Write the diamante.
 Compare your diamante to the pattern.
REVISING
 Make changes to your poem.
 Proofread for correctness.
PUBLISHING
 Read your poetry orally.
 Create a masterpiece.

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Chapter 7:

 What comparison is the songwriter making between himself

 Can you find any participles, gerunds, or infinitives in the

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