Compressed Bio Gas

[CBG]

The Fuel of the Future

What is Bio Gas?
 Bio-gas is produced through a bio-chemical process
in which certain types of bacteria convert the
biological wastes into useful bio-gas.
 It mainly comprises of hydro-carbon which is
combustible and can produce heat and energy when
burnt.
 Since the useful gas originates from biological
process, it has been termed as bio-gas.
 Methane gas is the main constituent of biogas.
 It is a renewable energy source.
What is CBG?

 It is a purified form of biogas.

 It is a mixture of various
hydrocarbon gases, produced by
decomposition of animal and plant
waste, consisting mainly of Methane.
How is CBG different from Compressed
Natural Gas(CNG)?
 Chemically, CBG is the same as CNG — both are compressed
methane — and have the same calorific value.
 But, CNG is a by-product of petroleum, and CBG can be
produced from any biomass.
 CBG makes a commercially viable option as it can be directly
used to replace CNG in transportation fuel. Just like CNG, CBG
too can be transported through cylinders or pipelines to retail
outlets.
Raw materials used to produce CBG:
 Napier grass
 Agricultural Waste
 Cow Dung
 Press Mud
 MSW (Municipal Solid Waste)
 Food Waste
 Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants
 Industrial Wastewater etc.
 Napier grass

 The feature of Napier grass is high

yield 40-80 tonnes per cut and 3-4
cuts per year.
 This grass is also a forage crop.
 The best biogas yield is demonstrated
by the grass 120-130 days cut and
33% dry matter.
 This yields a biogas output of 220 m³
per ton. To provide 10 tonnes of clean
bio methane per day 122 tons of
Napier grass per day are needed.
 Contract farming will be done with the
farmers to get the required grass
quantity.
Agricultural Waste

 This is one of the most easily accessible options, due to

its ample availability in the Indian Subcontinent.
 Rice straw is a significant agricultural waste that
contributes greatly to air pollution in northern India, but
it can be effectively converted to compressed biogas.
 Apart from rice straw, some other agricultural materials
can be used for biogas production, such as sugar cane,
cassava, corn etc.
 Also, other agricultural residues like cassava rhizome,
corn cobs etc., wood and wood residues can be utilised.
Cow Dung & Poultry litter

 It is also known as cattle manure is another readily available feedstock

that can be converted to biogas.
 Viable compressed Biogas plants can be installed at the locations where
bulk manure is generated such as large cow shelters (goshalas), dairy
farms, and other clusters, among others.
 For instance, 100 cows produce 6.25 tons of waste every day.
 However, the biogas from cow dung has high water content.
 The microbes in the digester convert 20-30% of volatile compounds
into biogas. Cow dung can be used as the only feedstock for the digester.
 In India, 69.9 % population resides in rural areas where cow is major
cattle and generates 9–15 kg dung/day.
 The farmers are paid Rs.1 per kg of cow dung. The payment of cow
dung is paid to farmer with the milk payment on every 15 days.
 Chicken manure is a suitable feedstock for digesters because 100kg of
litter will produce approximately 20m3 of biogas.
 In this session it is assumed that all gas produced is fully consumed.
And it is based upon the following assumption. - 50 Kg of poultry waste
produced 3.0m3 biogas per day per plant.
 It takes about 30 days for complete digestion of chicken litter. A digester
tank of 2000 m3 can handle approx. 17 ton of chicken litter/day. This
would give you 3400 m3 biogas.
Press Mud
 Another source of feedstock is press mud, which is a
waste product from sugar mills in India.
 It is a rich source of organic material that can be
easily turned into compressed biogas.
 It is the residue from the treatment of sugar cane
juice by filtration, accounting for 2% of the weight
of sugarcane crushed.
 It is to say 10 tons of sugar output can produce 1
ton of dry filter mud.
 Roughly 1.3 MMT of press mud is generated
annually and it can have an huge contribution in
producing compressed biogas.
 18 mm Press Mud Pellet costs ₹ 4,500 / Tonne.
 90mm Press Mud Briquettes costs ₹ 5,000 / Tonne.
MSW (Municipal Solid Waste)
 India generates more than 60 MMT (Million Metric
Tons) of Municipal Solid Waste.
 MSW can be transformed into biogas, however, the
barrier to this transformation is the segregation
process.
 Only after proper segregation of organic and inorganic
waste can the potential of generating biogas at
the compressed biogas plant be unlocked.
 The biomass resource in MSW comprises the
putrescible, paper and plastic and averages 80% of the
total MSW collected.
 Municipal solid waste can be converted into energy by
direct combustion, or by natural anaerobic digestion in
the engineered landfill. 
Food Waste

 India is renowned for its diverse cuisine across

the county.
 However, we waste a lot of food in an
organised value chain, including hotels and
restaurants.
 There are number of small and luxurious
hotels and restaurants and all having their own
individual mess, From where daily a large
amount of kitchen waste/food waste is
obtained.
Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants
 There are a grand total of 1093 sewage treatment plants in India.
 According to the Central Pollution Control Board, there are 15,730
sewage treatment plants in India, out of which 530 are non-
complying.
 The majority of STPs in India use aerobic treatment methods.
 These methods produce large amounts of sludge, which can be
anaerobically processed to create biogas.
 Moving forward, government policy should make it mandatory to
implement anaerobic treatment methods to create biogas from
STPs.
 In India, the existing treatment capacity is just 18.6 % of present
sewage generation and another 5.2 % capacity is being added.
However, the actual capacity utilization of STPs is only 72.2% and as
such only 13.5% of the sewage is treated.
 Wastewater sludge will be able to produced up to 44.82 ml
biogas/kg of sludge.
Industrial Wastewater

 Whenever possible, all industrial effluent with a high

organic content and biogas generation potential
should be considered for CBG generation rather than
heat and power.
Working of Compressed Biogas plant :
 Locations of CBG Plant to be established:

Canacona in South Goa

Udupi in Karnataka
Mudabidri in Karnataka

Nelamangala/ Dabaspet
in Bangalore
Magadi in Ramanagar