Paradigma

Unsur-unsur Penting Dalam Paradigma

By Priscilla R. Ulin, Elizabeth T. Robinson & Elizabeth E. Tolley

Basic Assumptions

Source of Evidence

Methods

Research Intention

Level of Participation

Impact on Study Participant

 Tiga Paradigma
Positivist Interpretivist Feminist

The social world is
composed of observable
facts. Reality is objective,
Bassic independent of the
researcher.
Assumptions
The social world is constructed
of symbolic meaning
observable in human acts,
interactions, and language.
Reality is subjective and
multiple as seen from different
perspectives.
Simulakra…. Rapport emic
view
The social world is
governed by power
relations that influence acts
and perceptions.
Reality is negotiated and
differs according to status
and power.

Facts are revealed through Meanings are derived from Power, control, and
Source of standard scientific
processes and are context-
perceptions, experiences,
and actions in relation to
contextual factors can be
heard in personal accounts
evidence free social contexts that reflect different
versions of reality.
 Tiga Paradigma
Prestructured data Semistructured, open questions,Participatory forms of
collection, controlled and observation enable observations and guided
measurement, clinical participants to express thoughts
conversation enable both
and actions in natural ways marginal and dominant
trials are the norm
Examples: in-depth interviews, groups to voice opinions
Examples: surveys, focus group discussions, and tell their stories
clinical trials, rating participant observations, case Examples: participatory
Methods scales, structured histories. action techniques, reflexive
observation. listening, challenges to
Pengembangan rapport political and personal
Kuesioner Instrumen: peneliti sendiri barriers to entrenched
On going analysis >>>inferensi positions.
TRIANGULASI

Positivist Interpretivist Feminist

 Tiga Paradigma
Positivist
Quantitative studies seek
explanation, verification, and
prediction of human behavior
through causal or associative
Research intention relationships
Research subjects answer
specific, predetermined
questions in a structured
Level of
response format
participation
Interpretivist
Qualitative studies seek
discovery, understanding,and
insight into the circumstances
of human behavior
Holistik,
Research participants are
active partners in data
collection and respond to
semistructured questions
spontaneously and naturally
Feminist
Feminist studies seek insight
into the influence of gender on
human behavior, including
differentials in power and
control, in a agenda for social
change
Research participants have
relative freedom to direct the
data collection process and
define follow-up
Tiga Paradigma
Positivist Interpretivist Feminist

Impact is neutral. Participants are aware Participants is

Research subjects of their engagement in empowering. Results
the research process: may lead to a
may gain new may gain insight into participant-defined
information or their own perspectives action agenda and
Impact on study insight from the and behaviors, as well empowement to initiate
participants results as the research topic or participate in policy
change.