PLANT &

MACHINERIES
 INTRODUCTION
• It is estimated that 20%-25% of cost building
works is spent on plant in construction works.
(civil works & construction activities).

• Each construction activity & duration is

determined by the method of construction
adapted.
 Why do we use construction plant and equipment?
• Increase rate of output.
• Reduce overall building costs.
• Carry out activities that cannot be done manually or to do
them more economically.
• Eliminate heavy manual work, thus reducing fatigue and
increasing the productivity of manual workers.
• Maintain a planned rate of production where there is a
shortage of either skilled or unskilled operatives.
• Maintain the high standards often required by present-day
design and specification.
 SELECTION OF PLANT FOR CONSTRUCTION
OPERATIONS
1. The machine’s capability (specifications) &
limitation
2. Cost :
• Capital cost
• Running cost
• Maintenance cost
3. Type & amount of works
4. If purchased, possible future use of plant
 PLANT ACQUISITION POLICY /
PROCUREMENT METHOD
1. Own all plant
Plant must be capable to generate sufficient return to
capital investment.
Advantages Disadvantages
• Availability of plants is at all •Maintaining adequate levels of
times acquisition
• Asset to the company – can •Back up service for maintenance
be seen as all means of and operation
increasing the capital base of
the company
• Prestige •Plant depreciation
•High capital investment
•Requirement for plant yard for
storage and maintenance
2. HIRING ALL PLANT
Hire all types of plant for any kind of construction process
Advantages
• Less capital investment
• Well-maintained construction
equipment that meets safety
standards
• Not affected with holding cost of
plant when demand diminished
• Advice on the best type of
equipment for the job
• Hire out construction equipment
with a trained operator
Disadvantages
•Plant hire rates depend on
market forces
•Contractor not in control of plant
cost for construction
•Availability of time ( depends on
available of plant)
• need to pay extra cost for
operator
CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT &
MACHINERIES

Small Power
Plant Transporting
& Lifting Plant
Earth-moving
& Excavation Concreting
Plant Plant
CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT &
MACHINERIES
SMALL POWER PLANT
- hand-held or operated power tools
 CLASSIFICATION OF PLANT &
MACHINERIES
EARTH MOVING & TRANSPORTING & CONCRETING PLANT
EXCAVATION PLANT LIFTING PLANT
•BULLDOZER •LORRY •CONCRETE MIXER
•SCRAPER •HOIST - TILTING DRUM
•TRACTOR •CRANE
- NON-TILTING
- MOBILE CRANE
SHOVEL/LOADER - SELF-PROPELLED
DRUM
•SKIMMER CRANE - REVERSING
•FACE SHOVEL - LORRY-MOUNTED DRUM
•BACKACTOR CRANE •CEMENT
•MULTI-PURPOSE - TRACK-MOUNTED STORAGE
EXCAVATOR CRANE •READY MIXED
- STATIC CRANE CONCRETE
- GUYED DERRICK
•CONCRETE PUMP
- SCOTCH DERRICK
- TOWER CRANE TRUCK
- SELF-SUPPORTING
STATIC
TOWER CRANES
- SUPPORTED STATIC
TOWER CRANES
- TRAVELLING TOWER
CRANES
BULLDOZER

 equipped with a blade (metal

plate) is used to push large
quantity of soil, sand etc
during construction work.

 To do stripping and oversite

excavation – up to depth
400mm

 To create a same level of

soil
BULLDOZER
SCRAPER
 SCRAPER

Cab

Engine
Compartment
bowl
Rear Engine

wheel
Apron
 SCRAPER
 It consist of a power unit & a scraper bowl

 Design & basic operation of the scraper

bowl consist of a shaped bowl with cutting
edge that can be lowered to cut the top
surface of the soil to a depth of 300 mm.

 As the bowl moves forward the loosened

earth is forced into the container and when
full the cutting edge is raised to seal the
bowl.
EXCAVATOR
 EXCAVATOR
 To excavate soil at site during site clearing
or during cut and fill process at earthwork
activity.
 To dig trenches or drain
 To remove contaminated soil or unwanted
soil and transfer it to the tipper truck
 Razing interior or exterior wall
 Installing culverts or irrigation lines or
utility lines
                                                                                                                                                                                     

Excavator Transporting Soil Into The Lorry

EXCAVATOR
BACKHOE
BACKHOE
 BACKHOE
 To dig the soil
 The loading bucket can be used to push can
either carry dirt or gravel sand or other
materials.
 To excavate soil and transfer it into the
truck
BACKHOE
FACE SHOVEL

FACE SHOVEL
FACE SHOVEL
 FACE SHOVEL
• Used as a loading shovel or for excavating into
the face of an embankment or berm.

• the discharge opening is at the rear of the

bucket whereas in the hydraulic machines
discharge is from the front of the bucket.
BACK ACTOR
TRANSPORTING &
LIFTING PLANT
 Lorry
• Function – transport materials, workers, machineries
eg: crane & bulldozer
• Using diesel engine – more economic and fast
• Should comply with all the requirements of Road
Traffic Act such as operation time, capacity limit,
speed limit, cleanliness etc.
 Hoist
• Consist of a horizontal platform which is
moved up and down vertical guides by a
powered winch (platform hoist)
• Useful for multi-storey building
• 2 types of hoists;
– Static consists of tower complete with
platform lift constructed in cantilever
– Mobile – can achieve up to 24m high.
Constructed on stable soil & jacked for stability
• Capacity – 1.5 tonnes for lifting materials
such as bricks, blocks etc.
• Uneconomic to carry heavy loads
 Crane
• Capable of travelling with suspended load
• Used for high-rise building and prefabricated
• Crane components : mast, jib & power unit
 Crane – Mobile Crane
• The most basic type of mobile crane consists of a
truss or telescopic boom mounted on a mobile
platform - be it on road, rail or water.

• Mobile Crane
1. Self-propelled Crane
2. Lorry-mounted Crane
3. Track-mounted Crane
 Crane – Mobile Crane
Self-Propelled Crane
• Capacity – can carry 10 tonnes load
• Suitable used for congested site
• Speed limit – 30km/hr on the road

Lorry-mounted Crane
• Capacity – can carry 5-20 tonnes load
• Have a greater mobility on the road
• Speed limit – 48km/hr on the road
 Crane – Mobile Crane
Track Mounted Crane
• Used for unstable soil structure
• Have wheeled for spread the
crane load to the largest area
• Need low-loader to transport
to other site
 Crane – Static Crane
Guyed Derrick
• Consists of vertical lattice mast
& vertical lattice jib

• 5 guy ropes to give stability to

the crane

• Capacity 5-10 tonnes

 Crane – Static Crane
Scotch Derrick
• Consists of vertical lattice jib –
longer than vertical lattice mast

• The crane is anchored to the

heavy concrete
block/foundation
• Useful for heavy lift 2-20
tonnes
 Crane – Tower Crane
• Tower cranes are a modern form of balance crane that consist of the same basic parts. Fixed
to the ground on a concrete slab (and sometimes attached to the sides of structures as well),
tower cranes often give the best combination of height and lifting capacity and are used in
the construction of tall buildings.

•Self-supporting Static
Tower crane

•Supported Static
Tower Crane

•Travelling Tower
Crane

•Climbing Crane
 Crane – Tower Crane
Self supporting Static Tower Crane
 Crane – Tower Crane
Supported Static Tower Crane
 Crane – Tower Crane
Travelling Tower Crane
 Crane – Tower Crane
Climbing Tower Crane
 Crane – Tower Crane
Climbing Tower Crane
CONCRETING PLANT
• A concrete plant, also known as a batch plant, is a device that
combines various ingredients to form concrete. Some of these inputs
include sand, water, aggregate (rocks, gravel, etc, and cement.

• TILTING DRUM
• NON-TILTING DRUM
• REVERSING DRUM
• READY MIXED CONCRETE TRUCK
• CONCRETE PUMP
 TILTING DRUM
• most suitable for concrete
with large sized aggregate.
• In which the single
compartment drum has an
inclinable axis with loading
and discharge through the
front opening.
• Intended for small batch
outputs ranging from 100T to
200T litres.
• The complete cycle time for
mixing one batch from load to
reload is usually specified as 2
½ minutes.
 NON TILTING DRUM
• In which the single
compartment drum has two
openings and rotates on a
horizontal axis.
• Outputs ranging from 200NT
to 750NT litres.
• Loading is through the front
and discharge through the rear
opening
•  
 REVERSING DRUM
• A drum rotating on a
horizontal axis then the
non-titling drum
• Outputs ranging from
200R to 500R litres.
• Loading is through the
front and discharge
through the rear opening
carried out by reversing
the rotation of the drum
CONCRETE MIXER TRUCK

CONCRETE MIXER
TRUCK >
Homogeneously
combines cement,
aggregate such as sand
or gravel, and water to
form concrete. A typical
concrete mixer uses a
revolving drum to mix the
components
CONCRETE PUMP
< CONCRETE PUMP
A tool used for
transferring liquid
concrete by pumping.
Because concrete is fluid,
it can be pumped to
where it is needed. Here,
a concrete transport
truck is feeding concrete
to a concrete pumper,
which is pumping it to
where a slab is being
poured.
 CONCLUSION
• Use of construction plant is very important in
construction activity which cannot be done
manually and to achieve efficiency in term of
cost, time and quality.