FAST ACTING ELECTRONIC

CIRCUIT BREAKER

BY:
V. YANITH KUMAR
1210515140

PROJECT GUIDED BY:

B. SRAVAN KUMAR SIR
 Introduction
•  A circuit breaker is automatic switching device which
protect the electrical system .
• In case of fault current the circuit breaker operate
and trip the electric circuit and protect the electric
circuit from overload condition. 
• Traditional circuit breaker like Miniature Circuit
Breaker (MCB) works based on thermal bimetal lever
trip mechanism, which makes MCB very slow in
operation and the tripping time is more.
 Scope of work
• The concept of Electronic Circuit Breaker came into focus when the
traditional circuit breakers such as MCBs take longer time to trip.
• These disadvantages of MCB can be eliminated by Ultrafast responding
Electronic Circuit Breaker (ECB). The trip mechanism of ultra fast acting
electronic circuit breaker is very fast as compared to mechanical circuit
breaker.
 Scope of work
• Traditionally fuses were used for this purpose, which is unconvincing
and unreliable and hence switches are used. The switch is an
electromechanical switch like a relay, which is controlled by
microcontroller through a current sensing element.
• This ultra fast electronic circuit breaking device is based on concept
that whenever the current exceeds the set value (due to overload),
the corresponding voltage drop (across the series resistor) also
increases. This voltage is sensed and then compared with a preset
voltage by an op-amp to generate an output that drives a relay to trip
the load within a millisecond.
• The tripping time is very low as it is rooted on the principle of current
sensing.
 Hardware Requirements
• 8051 series Microcontroller ( AT89S52)
• Op-amp (LM 358)
• Transformer
• MOSFET (IRF510 N-CHANNEL)
• Diodes (IN4007)
• Capacitors
• Resistors
• LED
• Crystal
• LCD
• Voltage Regulator (7805)
• Relay
• Lamps
Block Diagram
POWER SUPPLY
CIRCUIT
 8051 series Microcontroller
AT89S52 
• The Atmel AT89 series is an Intel 8051-compatible family of 8
bit microcontrollers (µCs) manufactured by the Atmel Corporation.
• 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory .
• 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range.
• Crystal frequency 11.0592MHz.
• Three-level Program Memory Lock .
• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM .
• 32 Programmable I/O Lines.
• Three 16 –bit Timer/Counters.
• Eight Interrupt sources
• Total 40 pin.
Pin configuration
 LM 358 Op-amp
• The LM358 IC is a great, low power and easy to use dual channel op-amp IC.
• The large voltage gain is 100 dB
• Wide bandwidth is 1MHz
• Range of Single power supply is from 3V to 32V
• The supply current drain is very low, i.e., 500 μA
• 2mV low input offset voltage
• The power supply voltage and
differential input voltages
are similar
 MOSFET
• Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor
field-effect transistor (MOSFET,
MOS-FET, or MOS FET).
•MOSFET is a device used for
switching electronic Signals
 RELAY
• A relay can be defined as a switch. The switching mechanism is
carried out with the help of the electromagnet .
• These contacts are named as normally open (NO),normally
closed(NC) and common(COM) contacts.
• Relay can be operated using either AC or DC ,and designed to
switch either AC or DC to the load.
• AC relays are constructed with special mechanism such that
continues magnetism is provided in order to avoid problem. Such
mechanisms include electronic circuit arrangement or shaded coil
mechanism.
• Relay works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
RELAY OPERATION
 LCD Display
• The expansion of LCD is Liquid Crystal Display which is used to
display the character.
• Here we have used 16x2 LCD with 5x8 pixel matrix (per
character). The definition of 16x2 is the LCD contains 2 rows
and 16 characters can be displayed per line. The single
character displayed in 5x8 pixel matrix.  
• The character is represented as the ASCII value (American
Standard Code for Information Interchange). 
Pin configuration
 Overall project

(i)during normal condition (ii)during overload condition

 Conclusion
• This project is displaying fast tripping
mechanism as against the slow one like MCB.
• The proposed ultra fast acting electronic circuit
breaker is cheap with mechanical tripping
system.
• This arrangement is designed for the immediate
tripping of circuit breaker in the situation of any
kind of faulty conditions or abnormal conditions
.