Professional Documents
Culture Documents
XII BS 07 Directing
XII BS 07 Directing
XII BS 07 Directing
By Henna Punjabi
2
DIRECTING
Supervision
Motivation
Leadership
Communication
WHAT IS DIRECTING ?
WHAT IS DIRECTING ?
• Directing is telling people what to do and seeing that they do it
to the best of their ability.
- Ernest Dale
• Direction is a complex function that includes all those activities
which are designed to encourage subordinates to work
effectively and efficiently.
- Koontz and O’Donnell
• Directing deals with the steps a manager takes to get
subordinates and others to carry out plans.
- William Newman
CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI
6
FEATURES OF DIRECTING
IMPORTANCE OF DIRECTING
1. To initiate action
2. To integrate employees’ efforts
3. Means of motivation
4. Bring stability and balance in the
organisation
5. To facilitate change
PRINCIPLES OF DIRECTING
ELEMENTS OF DIRECTING
• Supervision
• Motivation
• Leadership
• Communication
SUPERVISION
• Instructing
• Guiding
• Monitoring
• Observing
MOTIVATION
• Motivation is the process of stimulating, inspiring and inducing the
employees to perform to their best capacity.
ELEMENTS OF MOTIVATION
• Motive
• Motivation
• Motivators
CHARACTERISTICS OF
MOTIVATION
1. It is a psychological phenomenon
2. Produces goal directed behavior
3. Positive as well as negative
4. Complex process
ASSUMPTIONS
• Behavior can be changed by fulfilling needs
• Starting with basic needs
• Only next higher level needs can motivate
• One moves higher only after satisfaction of one level
of need
Commission Recognition
MONETARY BENEFITS
PROFIT SHARING
CO-PARTNERSHIP / STOCK
OPTION
• Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs)
• Issue of shares lower than market price
• Participation in management
• Establishing industrial democracy and
boosting the morale of employees.
BONUS
• One time extra reward offered to employees as a reward for good
performance
COMMISSION
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
• Pension :
• Provident Fund :
• Gratuity:
NON-MONETARY BENEFIT
• Status
• Organisational climate
• Career advancement
• Job-enrichment
• Employees’ recognition
• Job security
• Employees’ participation
• Autonomy / employee empowerment
CBSE-XII-CH.07-STAFFING BY HENNA PUNJABI
27
LEADERSHIP
LEADERSHIP
• Leadership is a process of influencing the behavior of people
at work towards the achievement of specified goal. The
following elements must be present in the leadership.
- Process of influence
- Common goal
- 2 or more people
- Gain willing co-operation of employees
FEATURES OF LEADERSHIP
• Ability to influence others
• Bring change in behavior
• Shows interpersonal relationship between leader
and follower
• To achieve common goal
• Continuous process
TYPES OF LEADERS
AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
FEATURES SUITABILITY
• Bossy • Uneducated and unskilled subordinates
• Controlling • Fear and punishment
• Takes decisions by himself • Dominant decision making
• No delegation of authority
• Gives orders and expects others to follow
• Rewards / penalty
• Less desirable
• Ex. Adolf Hitler
AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Quick decision-making • Frustration and low morale of
• Motivates and satisfies leaders subordinates
• Good for less competent subordinates • Lack of initiative among
subordinates
• When speed is required
• Unutilised potential
• No development of subordinates
DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
FEATURES SUITABILITY
• Consultation and participation • Job satisfaction is the goal
• Delegates and decentralises • Leader wants to share decision-making
• Freedom of expression • Sub-ordinates have accepted goals
• Listens to suggestions
DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Improves job satisfaction and morale • Time-consuming
• Improves decision making • Minimal interaction of subordinates
• Develops positive attitude • Passing responsibility to sub-
• Reduces labour turnover and absenteeism ordinates
• Quality decisions • Sign of incompetence
• Overall growth of abilities
• Narayan Murthy of Infosys Technologies
FEATURES SUITABILITY
• Complete delegation • Well-trained sub-ordinates
• Leader avoids power • Self-motivated sub-ordinates
• Brings necessary resources • Responsible sub-ordinates
COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION
• Communication can be defined as transmission or exchange
of ideas, views, message, information or instructions
between two or more persons by different means.
• - spoken words
• - written words
• - body language and gestures
• - Diagrams, graphs, signs, etc.
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
Types of
communication
Formal Informal
Upward
Downward
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BARRIERS TO COMMUNICATION
SEMANTIC BARRIERS
1. Badly expressed message
2. Symbols with different meanings (weight, wait) cell
3. Faulty translations
4. Unclarified assumptions
5. Technical jargon
6. Body language and gesture decoding
PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
1. Premature evaluation
2. Lack of attention
3. Loss by transmission and poor retention
4. Distrust
ORGANISATIONAL BARRIERS
1. Organisational policy
2. Rules and regulations
3. Status difference
4. Complex organisation
5. Organisational facilities
PERSONAL BARRIERS
1. Lack of confidence of superior in his subordinates
2. Lack of incentives
3. Fear of authority
4. Unwillingness to communicate
THANK YOU