PBL GROUP 7

Group leader
Seerat fatima( anatomy of hip bone)
Group coordinator
Tanzeela rasheed(anatomy of hip joint)
Group members
Salka Farooq(Introduction)
Qamar Ahmed ( anatomy of femur)
Shehzeen wali( muscles of hip bone)
 PBL GROUP 7
Group members
Laraib Tanveer(hip fracture causes)

Sheharbano Mir ( treatment)

Mehreen Ishtiaq (clinical features)
Muqadas Liaqat( diagnosis)
 SCENARIO
• A 72 years old lady stumbled on wet floor and later
presented with excruciating anterior groin pain and
inability to bear weight on right leg. She had early
menupause due to gynecological reasons. Rest of the
history was unremarkable. On examination, her right leg
was shortened, abducted, and externally rotated.
Neurological examination was normal.
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Explain anatomy of Hip bone and Femur.
2. Elobrate the muscle attachment to hip bone.
3. Discuss the anatomy of Hip joint.
4. Explain hip joint fracture and it’s causes.
5. Discuss the diagnostic test and treatment of hip joint
fracture.
 DIFFICULT TERMS
EXCRUCIATING PAIN
extremely painful; causing intense suffering; unbearably
distressing
Menopause
The time of life when a woman's ovaries stop producing
hormones and menstrual periods stop.
 ANATOMY OF HIP BONE

• The hip bone (os coxae, innominate bone, pelvic bone] or

coxal bone) is a large flat bone, constricted in the center and
expanded above and below. In some vertebrates (including
humans before puberty) it is composed of three parts: the
ilium, ischium, and the pubis.
• Each hip bone is connected to the corresponding
femur (thigh bone) (forming the primary connection
between the bones of the lower limb and the axial
skeleton) through the large ball and socket joint of
the hip.
•
 ANATOMY OF FEMUR

General features of femur or thigh bone

The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is the longest and
strongest bone in the human body. It is located in the thigh
region and connects the hip bone (pelvis) to the knee joint.
 ANATOMY OF HIP
JOINT
• The hip joint is a ball-and-socket joint where the
head of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of
the pelvis. The joint is surrounded by many
ligaments and muscles that help stabilize and move
the hip.
 MUSCLES OF HIP BONE

•Superficial abductors and extenders

group of large muscles that abduct and extend the femur.
Includes the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus
minimus and tensor fascia lata.
•Deep lateral rotators
group of smaller muscles that mainly act to laterally
rotate the femur. Includes the quadratus femoris, piriformis,
gemellus superior, gazelles inferior and obturator internus.
 FEMORAL NECK
FRACTURE AND
CAUSES
• A hip fracture is a break in the upper portion of the femur
(thighbone).Limited mobility: Most people with a hip
fracture can't stand or walk. Sometimes, it may be possible
to walk, but it's extremely painful to put weighton the leg.
Physical changes: You may have a bruise on your hip. One
of your legs may appear shorter than the other.
• Osteoporosis and advancing age are the major risk factors.
Most hip fractures happen to people who are 65 or older,
and they are usually caused by falls. As you get older, your
bones naturally lose some strength and are more likely to
break, even from a minor fall. Children and young adults
are more likely to break a hip because of a bike or car
accident or a sports iniury.
 CLINICAL FEATURES
OF HIP BONE
FRACTURE
• Inability to get up from a fall or to Walk.
• Severe pain in the hip or groin .
• Inability to put weight on the leg on the side of
injured hip.
• Bruising and swelling in and around the hip area.
• Shorter leg on the side of injured hip.
• Outward turning of leg on the side of injured hip.
 DIAGNOSIS OF HIP
BONE FRACTURE
Imaging tests:
The following imaging tests may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis of hip
fracture:
X-rays:
This imaging test can reveal a break or crack in the bone.
- MRI:
This test can provide more detailed images of the hip joint, and can detect
fractures that may not X-rays and computer technology to create detailed
images of the hip joint.
 TREATMENT OF HIP BONE
FRACTURE

•The treatment of a femur bone fracture depends on the severity

and location of the fracture. In general, femur fractures are
considered serious injuries and require prompt medical
attention. If the fracture is not displaced or only minimally
displaced, non-surgical treatment may be appropriate. This may
involve immobilizing the leg with a cast or brace to allow the
bone to heal on its own. Pain medication may be prescribed to
manage discomfort during the healing process.
If the fracture is displaced, surgery may be necessary to align
and stabilize the bone. There are several surgical options,
including:
1. Intramedullary nailing: A metal rod is inserted into the
center of the femur and secured with screws to hold the bone
in place.
2. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF): The bone
fragments are repositioned and held together with screws,
plates, or rods.
• 3. External fixation:
• Metal pins or screws are placed into the bone above and
below the fracture and connected to an external frame that
keeps the bone in place.After surgery, the patient may need
to use crutches or a wheelchair while the bone heals.
Physical therapy is often recommended to help regain
strength and mobility in the affected leg. The length of
recovery time can vary depending on the severity of the
fracture and the type of treatment used.