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    Chemsheets AS 1011 Mass Spectrometry

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    Ella O'NEILL
    The document discusses the four main stages of time-of-flight mass spectrometry: 1) ionization of samples, 2) acceleration of ions, 3) flight through a tube where lighter ions travel faster, and 4) detection of ions that produce an electric current proportional to their number. Examples are provided of mass spectra for elements like copper and neon, as well as organic compounds containing isotopes of bromine, chlorine, hydrogen, and carbon that produce multiple peaks.

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    Chemsheets AS 1011 Mass Spectrometry

    Uploaded by

    Ella O'NEILL
    173 views17 pages
    The document discusses the four main stages of time-of-flight mass spectrometry: 1) ionization of samples, 2) acceleration of ions, 3) flight through a tube where lighter ions travel faster, and 4) detection of ions that produce an electric current proportional to their number. Examples are provided of mass spectra for elements like copper and neon, as well as organic compounds containing isotopes of bromine, chlorine, hydrogen, and carbon that produce multiple peaks.

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    Chemsheets-AS-1011-Mass-spectrometry (33)

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    The document discusses the four main stages of time-of-flight mass spectrometry: 1) ionization of samples, 2) acceleration of ions, 3) flight through a tube where lighter ions travel faster, and 4) detection of ions that produce an electric current proportional to their number. Examples are provided of mass spectra for elements like copper and neon, as well as organic compounds containing isotopes of bromine, chlorine, hydrogen, and carbon that produce multiple peaks.

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    173 views17 pages

    Chemsheets AS 1011 Mass Spectrometry

    Uploaded by

    Ella O'NEILL
    The document discusses the four main stages of time-of-flight mass spectrometry: 1) ionization of samples, 2) acceleration of ions, 3) flight through a tube where lighter ions travel faster, and 4) detection of ions that produce an electric current proportional to their number. Examples are provided of mass spectra for elements like copper and neon, as well as organic compounds containing isotopes of bromine, chlorine, hydrogen, and carbon that produce multiple peaks.

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    of 17

    WWW.CHEMSHEETS.CO.

    UK

    ToF MASS
    SPECTROMETRY

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016


    Stage 1 – IONISATION
    Elements and low Mr compounds

    X(g)  X+(g) + e–
    e.g. Mg(g)  Mg+(g) + e–

    Loss of electron
    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016
    Stage 1 – IONISATION
    High Mr compounds (e.g. proteins)

    X(g) + H+  XH+(g)
    gains a proton

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016


    Stage 2 – ACCELERATION

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016


    Stage 3 – FLIGHT TUBE

    Lighter particles move faster and


    so have a shorter time of flight

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016


    Stage 3 – FLIGHT TUBE

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016


    Stage 4 – DETECTION

    • +ve ions hit –ve plate and produce electric current


    • size of current proportional to number of ions

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016


    The Mass Spectrum

    Copper

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016


    Average mass
    • 2 balls with mass 100 g
    • 3 balls with mass 200 g
    • 10 balls with mass 400 g

    average mass = total mass of all balls


    number of balls

    = (2x100)+(3x200)+(10x400)
    2+3+10

    = 4800 = 320 g
    15
    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016
    800 g loaf average mass = total mass of all loaves
    number of loaves

    = (4x400)+(10x800)
    4+10

    = 9600 = 686 g
    14
    400 g loaf

    I have these
    loaves – what is
    the average mass?

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016


    Neon

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016


    ISOTOPES

    • Ions with different isotopes produce different signals.


    • Most important for Br and Cl.

    Br: 50% 79Br 50% 81Br


    Cl: 75% 35Cl 25% 37Cl
    • If two or more Br/Cl atoms, then spectrum is more
    complicated.
    • Often small peaks at m/z + 1 due to 2H and 13C.

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016


    butane
    CH3CH2CH2CH3

    Mr = 58 [CH3CH2CH2CH3]+

    [CH3CH2CH2CH3]+ with 1 x 2H/13C

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016


    butanone
    CH3CH2COCH3

    Mr = 72

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016


    chlorine
    Cl2

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016


    bromomethane

    CH3Br

    [CH379Br]+ [CH381Br]+

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016


    chloromethane

    CH3Cl
    [CH335Cl]+

    [CH337Cl]+

    © www.chemsheets.co.uk AS 1011 15-July-2016

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