The primitive translation vectors for cubic lattices are:

 a1  ax
Simple cubic 
a 2  ay
 a  az
 3

 a1  1 ax  y 
 2
Face-centered cubic
a 2  2 ay  z 
1
a  1 az  x 
 3 2

a  1 a x  y  z 
Body-centered cubic  1 2
a 2  2 a x  y  z 
1
a  1 ax  y  z 
 3 2
INDEX SYSTEM FOR CRYSTAL PLANES
Miller Indices are a symbolic vector representation for the
orientation of a crystal plane
To find the Miller indices of a plane, take the following steps:
1. Find the intercepts on the axes in terms of the lattice constants
a1, a2, a3. The axes may be those of a primitive or nonprimitive
cell.
2. Take the reciprocals of these numbers.
3. Reduce to the smallest three integers. If fractions result,
multiply each by the denominator of the smallest fraction. The
result, enclosed in parentheses (hkl), is called the index of the
plane..
For the plane whose intercepts are 4, 1, 2, the reciprocals are 1/4,
1, ½ and ; the smallest three integers having the same ratio are
(142)
2
 Example 1: (100) Plane

Axis X Y Z
Intercept
points 1 ∞ ∞
Reciprocals 1/1 1/ ∞ 1/ ∞
Smallest
Ratio 1 0 0

(1,0,0) Miller İndices (100)

3
 Example 2: (110) Plane

Axis X Y Z
Intercept
points 1 1 ∞
Reciprocals 1/1 1/ 1 1/ ∞
Smallest
(0,1,0)
Ratio 1 1 0
(1,0,0)
Miller İndices (110)

4
 Example 3: (111) Plane

(0,0,1) Axis X Y Z
Intercept
points 1 1 1
Reciprocals 1/1 1/ 1 1/ 1
(0,1,0) Smallest
Ratio 1 1 1
(1,0,0)
Miller İndices (111)

5
Example 4: (210) Plane

Axis X Y Z
Intercept
points 1/2 1 ∞
Reciprocals 1/(½) 1/ 1 1/ ∞
Smallest
(0,1,0)
Ratio 2 1 0
(1/2, 0, 0)

Miller İndices (210)

6
Example 5: (102) Plane

Axis a b c
Intercept
points 1 ∞ ½
Reciprocals 1/1 1/ ∞ 1/(½)
Smallest
Ratio 1 0 2

Miller İndices (102)

7
Example 6: (102) Plane

Axis a b c
Intercept
points -1 ∞ ½
Reciprocals 1/-1 1/ ∞ 1/(½)
Smallest
Ratio -1 0 2

Miller İndices (102)

8
 Examples of Miller Indices
[2,3,3]
• See the figure. 3
• Consider the
c
plane shaded in b
a 2
yellow:
3

Plane intercepts axes at 3a , 2b , 2c

1 1 1
Reciprocal numbers are: 3 , 2 , 2
Miller Indices of the plane: (2,3,3)
Indices of the direction: [2,3,3]
Examples of Miller Indices

(100) (110) (111)

(200) (100)
https://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/miller_indices/lattice_draw.php