MUSCLES OF THE FOOT

Muscles of the Sole of the Foot

• The muscles of the sole

are described in four
layers
• Chiefly concerned with
supporting the arches
of the foot.

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 4 Layers of muscles.
• Arranged from Superficial to deep:
a. First Layer (3 muscles)
b. Second Layer (2 tendon & 2 muscles)
c. Third Layer (3 muscles)
d. Fourth Layer (2 tendon & 2 muscles)

• All are supplied by lat. planter N. except 4 Ms.

(AH, FHB, FDB & 1st lumbrical) which are supplied
by med. planter N.
 First layer
Is the most superficial to
the sole,and is located
immediately underneath
the plantar fascia.
Consists of the following
muscles :
•Abductor hallucis.
•Flexor digitorum brevis.
•Abductor digiti minimi.

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 Abductor hallucis
• Located on the medial side
of the sole,where it
contributes to a small soft
tissue buldge
• Origin : Medial tuberosity of
calcaneum and flexor
retinaculum
• Insertion : Base of proximal
phalanx of big toe
 Nerve supply : Medial
plantar nerve
 Action :Flexion and abducts
big toe.

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 Flexor digitorum brevis
•Located laterally to the abductor
halluces.sits in the centre of the
sole,sandwiched between the
plantar aponeurosis and the tendons
of flexor digitorum longus
•Origin : Medial tubercle of
calcaneum &plantar
aponeurosis
•Insertion : Four tendons to
four lateral toes
Nerve supply : Medial
plantar nerve
Action : Flexion of the
lateral four toes.
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 Abductor digiti minimi
• Located on the lateral side of
the foot.homologous with
the abductor digiti minimi
• Origin : Medial and lateral
tubercles of calcaneum
• Insertion : Base of
proximal phalanx of fifth
toe
 Nerve supply: Lateral
plantar nerve
 Action : Flexion and
abduction of the little toe.

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 Second Layer
• Consists of the
following muscles
• Flexor digitorum
accessorius
• Lumbricals .
• Flexor hallucis longus
tendon
• Flexor digitorum longus
tendon

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 Flexor digitorum accessorius(Quadratus plantae )

• Origin : Medial and

lateral sides of
calcaneum
• Insertion : Tendon of
flexor digitorum longus
• Nerve supply : Lateral
plantar nerve
• Action : Assists flexor
digitorum longus in
flexing lateral four toes

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 Lumbricals (4)
• Origin : Tendons of flexor
digitorum longus
• Insertion : bases of
proximal phalanges of
lateral four toes
• Nerve supply : First
lumbrical: medial plantar
nerve;
remainder lumbricals 2,3,4:
lateral plantar nerve
• Action : Extends toes at
interphalangeal joints

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 Third Layer
• Consists of the
following muscles :
• Flexor hallucis brevis
• Adductor hallucis
• Flexor digiti minimi
brevis

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 Flexor hallucis brevis
• Origin : Cuboid, lateral
cuneiform, tibialis posterior
insertion(navicular )
• Insertion : Medial tendon into
medial side of base of
proximal phalanx of big toe;
lateral tendon into lateral side
of base of proximal phalanx of
big toe
• Nerve supply : Medial plantar
nerve
• Action : Flexes of the proximal
phalanx of big toe

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 Adductor hallucis
• Origin : Oblique head: from
bases of second, third, and
fourth metatarsal bones;
transverse head: from
plantar ligaments
• Insertion : Lateral side of
base of proximal phalanx of
big toe
• Nerve supply : Deep branch
of lateral plantar nerve
• Action :
• Adduction of the big toe
• Maintains transverse arch
of the foot.

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 Flexor digiti minimi brevis
• Origin : Base of fifth
metatarsal bone
• Insertion : Lateral side
of base of proximal
phalanx of little toe
• Nerve supply : Lateral
plantar nerve
• Action : Flexes of the
proximal phalanx of
little toe

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 Fourth Layer
Interossei
• Consists of the
following :
• Interossei,
• Peroneus longus
tendon,
• Tibialis posterior
tendon

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  Dorsal Interossei (4)
• Origin : Adjacent sides of
metatarsal bones
• Insertion : Bases of proximal
phalanges
first: medial side of second
toe; remainder: lateral sides
of second, third, and fourth
toes ”also dorsal extensor
expansion
• Nerve supply : Lateral
plantar nerve
• Action : Abduction of toes

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  Plantar Interossei (3)
• Origin : Inferior surfaces
of third, fourth, and fifth
metatarsal bones
• Insertion : Medial side of
bases of proximal
phalanges of lateral
three toes
• Nerve supply : Lateral
plantar nerve
• Action : Adduction of
toes

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 Muscles of the Dorsum of the Foot

• Consists of the
following muscles :
• Extensor digitorum
brevis

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 Extensor digitorum brevis

• Origin : Anterior part of

upper surface of the
calcaneum and from the
inferior extensor
retinaculum
• Insertion : By four tendons
into the proximal phalanx
of big toe and long
extensor tendons to
second, third, and fourth
toes
• Nerve supply : Deep
peroneal nerve
• Action : Extends toes

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Joints of the foot
 lar
r sal Talus

cu
a
tat

Navi
me
st
1
D

M.cuneif
Calcaneus
F E

A. Subtalar Joints: 1- Talo-calcanean (plane).

2- Talo-calcaneo-navicular (ball & socket).
Inter-
tarsal B. Mid-tarsal Joints: 1- Talo-calcaneo-navicular (ball & socket).
2- Calcaneo-cuboid (plane).
C. Others (all are plane): 1- Cuneo-navicular.
2- Cuneo-cuboid.
3- Inter-cuneiform.
D. Tarso-metatarsal Joints
E. Metatarso-phalangeal Joints
F. Inter-phalangeal Joints
 Eversion & Inversion
Eversion Inversion
• In which: the sole is • In which: the sole is
turned laterally, turned medially,
accompanied with slight accompanied with
dorsiflexion. slight planter flexion.
• Done by 2 or 3 peronei • Done by 2 tibialis Ms.
Ms. (peroneus longus, brevis). (Tibialis anterior. & Tibialis
posterior).

Both movements are done at the subtalar Joint.

(NOT at the ankle Joint.)
 Eversion & Inversion
Eversion Inversion