Human reproduction

Lesson Objective
• Students will be able to understand the difference between puberty
and adolescence.
• Students will be able to understand physiological and
behavioral changes during puberty
• Students will be able to know the parts of male and
female reproductive system
Recap
Draw the diagram of wind-pollinated and insect-pollinated flowers and
pollen.
The picture should highlight the features that help attract the targeted
pollinators 
Think!: Mitten strategy to collect responses-
3 minute
• Are puberty and adolescence the same?
  
Summarization
• Adolescence is the period between the onset of puberty and
adulthood and puberty is the physical maturing that makes an
individual capable of sexual reproduction.
TIME-LINE
• Ages 11-14 
Secondary sex characteristics appear
• Ages 13-16 
Sperm produced in adult amounts (puberty)
Venn Diagram
Primary and Secondary Sexual
Characteristics
• Primary sexual characteristics are present at birth and comprise the
external and internal genitalia (e.g., the penis and testes in males and
the vagina and ovaries in females).
•  Secondary sex characteristics, on the other hand, are features which
appear at puberty (though they later become equally as prominent).
These secondary characteristics are features such as pubic hair, breast
development in females, and beards in males.
How are male and female reproductive
systems similar and different?(Self-learning)
• Read page number 75- 79 

Extra resources for reference

The male reproductive system - Reproduction in humans - GCSE Biology
(Single Science) Revision - BBC Bitesize
Gametes and fertilisation - The human reproductive system - 3rd level S
cience Revision - BBC Bitesize

Refer to the above resources and complete the given worksheet. This is
an individual task (12 minutes)
 Summary

Bladder

Seminal
Urethra Vesicle
Prostate Gland

Vas deferens
Penis Epididymis

Testicle

Scrotum: Holds each testes and helps regulate temperature for

sperm production.
Summary
PART Function
Scrotum  A sac-like pouch located behind the penis that holds each testes and helps regulate
temperature for sperm production

Testicles or Testes The two testes are small organs that lie in the scrotum and produce sperm and the male
hormone testosterone
The testicles are the male sex gland
The testicles are outside the body because the male sperm that is manufactured in the
testes need cooler-than-body temperature for normal growth and development

Epididymis The structure forms a mass over the back and upper part of each testes.
Sperm are stored there for as long as six weeks while they ripen to maturity

Prostate Gland  Surrounds the urethra beneath the bladder.  The gland secretes an alkaline fluid that
neutralizes the acid found in the male urethra.  
Without the action of the secretions of the prostate gland, many sperm would die, and
fertilization of an ovum would be impossible
Summary
PART FUNCTION

Vas Deferens • Two long, thin tubes that serve as a passageway for sperm and a place for
sperm storage.   
• The contraction of the vas deferens along with the action of the cilia help
transport the sperm through the vas deferens.

Urethra • A dual-purpose tube that both semen and urine pass through to leave the
body.  Semen and urine never mix.  
• Special muscles or sphincters surround the urethra
SEMEN A  combination of fluid that is produced in the seminal vesicles, prostate gland,
and  this fluid nourishes and helps sperm move through the urethra.

Penis The function of the penis is to deliver semen into the vagina 
Male Hormone: Testosterone and secondary
sexual characteristics
• The male reproductive hormone made by the testicles which causes
the changes of puberty. 
• This hormone causes secondary sex characteristics, production of
sperm
• It is produced in the testicles and enters the bloodstream at a fairly
constant rate. 
Sperm :
Specialized Male
Gamete
EXIT SLIP
• What is the function of Testes and testosterone hormone?
• What are the specialized features of Sperm Cells?
Lesson Objective
Students will be able to:
Understand the function of different parts of female reproductive
system
Understand the function of hormones in the mensural cycle and
functioning of female reproductive system
RECAP
• Outline the secondary sexual characteristics caused by male hormone
testosterone.
How are male and female reproductive
systems similar and different?(Self-learning)
• Read page number 75- 79 

Extra resources for reference

(276) Female Reproductive System | Don't Memorise - YouTube

Refer to the above resources and complete the given worksheet. This is
an individual task (8 minutes)
Secondary sexual
characteristics in
females

Oestrogen causes
secondary sexual
characteristics
and are produced
in ovaries
How does the female reproductive system
function? 

How the hormones affect the mensural cycle in females?

NearPod task (7 minutes)
Summary: Female
reproductive
system
Adaptive features in Ovum
 Woman’s - Menstruation Cycle
 Day 1 – Menstruation begins (bleeding)
 Day 5 – Menstruation is usually ended
 Day 14 – Ovum has matured and bursts out of
the ovary
 Day 15 – After 24 hours the egg is done
 Day 26 – In the absence of fertilization,
estrogen/progesterone levels drop

and the endometrium lining breaks

down
Role of Hormones in female reproductive system
EXIT SLIP
What is the role of the Oestrogen and Progesterone hormone in the
menstrual cycle?
Lesson objective
Students will be able to understand the process of fertilization
Students will be able to understand what determines the sex and
gender of a child
Recap
• What is the role of different hormones in menstrual cycle?
How do male and female reproductive
systems interact?
Read page number77- 79 ,  83-85 (MYP life sciences) and the following
link
Fertilisation - Reproduction in humans - GCSE Biology (Single Science) R
evision - BBC Bitesize

Do remember to take notes, as this would be followed by a Worksheet 

What happens after fertilization?
Watch the following  video and read the document, to attempt the quiz

https://youtu.be/J_knnENhzwg

Document uploaded in file section of ManageBac

Summary
Summary
• After fertilization in the oviduct, the zygote travels towards the uterus
• This takes about 3 days, during which time the zygote will divide several times to form a
ball of cells known as an embryo
• In the uterus, the embryo embeds itself in the thick lining (implantation) and continues
to grow and develop
• The gestation period for humans is 9 months
• Major development of organs takes place within the first 12 weeks, during which time
the embryo gets nutrients from the mother by diffusion through the uterus lining
• After this point the organs are all in place, the placenta has formed and the embryo is
now called a fetus
• The remaining gestation time is used by the fetus to grow bigger in size
Summary
• The fetus is surrounded by an amniotic sac which contains amniotic
fluid (made from the mother’s blood plasma)
• This protects the fetus during development by cushioning it from
bumps to the mother’s abdomen
• The umbilical cord joins the fetus’s blood supply to the placenta for
exchange of nutrients and removal of waste products
EXIT SLIP
Outline the stages involved in the process of fertilization