REVIEW

objective
UNLOCKING OF DIFFICULT
TERMS
 mitosis
The nucleus of a cell is
divided into two nuclei with an
equal amount of genetic
material in both the daughter
nuclei.”
 CENTROSOME
An organelle that
forms the mitotic
spindle.
 SPINDLE FIBERS
They are microtubules that
separates the
chromosomes into two
daughter cells.
 KINETOCHORE
A protein structure that forms
on a chromatid during cell
division and allows it to attach
to a spindle fiber on a
chromosome.
 SOMATIC CELLS
The cells of the body
except for the egg or
sperm cells.
 DIPLOID
A cell that has two
sets of
chromosome.
ACTIVITY TIME!
 RUBRIC:
Correctness- 20 points
Correctly matching the stage of
mitosis to the picture: 2 points
Correctly matching the picture with
the corresponding description: 3
points
LET’S ANSWER!
 1. prophase
C. b. The chromosomes
condenses (coil
tightly) and thickens.
The nucleolus
disappears.
 2. metaphase
a. The chromosomes
d.
align in the center of
the cell and attach to
microtubules in
preparation to split
apart.
 3. anaphase
a. c. During this stage, the
sister chromatids of each
replicated chromosome
separate and are pulled
towards opposite poles of
the cell by the spindle
fibers. 
 4. telophase
d. The chromosomes reach the
b.
opposite poles of the cell, and the
nuclear envelope begins to reform
around each set of chromosomes.
The chromosomes begin to uncoil
and return to their normal, diffuse
form. The spindle fibers
disassemble, and the cell begins to
prepare for cytokinesis. 
INTERphase
 mitosis
Mitosis is the phase of the cell
cycle where the nucleus of a cell
is divided into two nuclei with an
equal amount of genetic material
in both the daughter nuclei.”
FROM ONE TO
TWO
Chromosome

Centrosome

prophase
 prophase
• Chromosome pair up, thickens and
shorten --become visible.
• 2 chromatids joined by a centromere
• Centrosomes move to the opposite
sides of the nucleus
• Nucleolus disappears
• Nuclear membrane disintegrate
 Spindle Fibers

Metaphase Plate
Centrosome

metaphase
 metaphase
• Each fibers binds to a protein called
Kinetochore at the centromere.
• Chromosomes align to the central
metaphase plate.
Spindle Fibers

Sister
Chromatids

anaphase
 anaphase
• The chromosome separates and
move towards the opposite poles of
the cell.
• A cleavage furrow is produced due
to the opposite pull of the centrioles.
 Chromosome

Centrosome

telophase
 telophase
• Spindle fibers disappear and
releases the chromatids while
nuclear envelope and nucleolus
reappear.
CYTOKINESIS
Quiz time!
 directions
Identify what is being
referred to in each of the
statement. Answer directly
in a ¼ sheet of paper.
1.The sister chromatids move away from each
other and move towards the opposite poles.
2.New nuclear membrane forms around each
set of chromosomes.
3.It is a type of cell division in which one cell
divides into two identical copies of itself.
4.The chromosomes condensed and become
thicker.
5.The chromosomes align at the middle of the
cell nucleus.
assignment
Directions: Answer the following questions
briefly. Write your answers on your science
notebook.

1. What is meiosis?
2. What are the different stages
of Meiosis?
 LESSON OBJECTIVES

Understand the different stages Identify the key structures and Evaluate the importance of
of mitosis and their events that occur during each mitosis in the context of the
significance in the process of stage of mitosis. cell cycle and overall cellular
cell division. function.
 INTRODUCTION
Have you ever wondered how living organisms grow, repair
themselves, or reproduce? The answer lies in the process of
cell division.

Simply put, cell division is the process by which a cell

divides into two or more daughter cells. All living things,
from the tiniest bacteria to the tallest redwood tree, depend
on this fundamental mechanism for growth and
development.

So, let's dive in and explore the fascinating world of cell

division!
 CELL DIVISION
Cell division is the process by which a single cell divides into
two or more daughter cells, each with the potential to grow,
develop, and carry out specific functions.

It is a fundamental process in biology that is essential for the

growth, repair, and reproduction of living organisms.

Cell division can occur through two main mechanisms:

mitosis, which produces two identical daughter cells, and
meiosis, which produces four genetically diverse daughter
cells.
 MITOSIS
Mitosis is the process by which a single cell
divides into two identical daughter cells. This
type of division is essential for growth and
repair in multicellular organisms, as well as
for asexual reproduction in some single-celled
organisms.
MEIOSIS
Meiosis is the process by which a single cell
divides into four daughter cells, each with half
the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
Meiosis is critical for sexual reproduction, as it
allows for the production of gametes.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF MITOSIS

Mitosis produces two The major purpose of Mitosis occurs only in There is no reduction in
genetically identical mitosis is for growth somatic cells, which the number of
daughter cells from a and to replace worn-out are all the cells in the chromosomes during
single parent cell. cells. body except for the mitosis.
reproductive cells.
IMPORTANCE
• GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
Mitosis is essential for the growth and development of multicellular organisms. It allows cells
to divide and multiply, leading to the formation of tissues, organs, and organ systems.

• REPAIR & MAINTENANCE

When tissues are damaged, such as in the case of a cut or injury, mitosis allows for the
replacement of the damaged cells with new, healthy cells.

• ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
In some organisms, mitosis allows for the production of genetically identical daughter cells,
ensuring that the offspring are identical to the parent cell.
 VOCABS TO REMEMBER

SPLIT CHROMOSOME
CELL CHROMOSOME

A cell is the basic unit of life A chromosome that has A chromosome is a structure
and the smallest functional and undergone a structural change, found in the nucleus of cells that
structural unit of living resulting in the separation of carries genetic information in the
organisms. the chromosome form of DNA.
 VOCABS TO REMEMBER

SPINDLE
CENTROSOME CENTRIOLES
FIBERS

A centrosome is a small organelle The spindle fibers are Centrioles are cylindrical
found in eukaryotic cells, which microtubules that separates the organelles found in eukaryotic
functions as a microtubule- chromosomes into two cells that are involved in the
organizing center. daughter cells. organization of cell division.
 Chromosome

MITOSIS:
PROPHASE
During prophase, the chromatin in the nucleus condenses into
visible chromosomes, which become visible under a microscope.

The centrosomes, which are responsible for organizing the

spindle fibers, move to opposite poles of the cell.

The nuclear envelope breaks down, allowing the spindle fibers to

attach to the chromosomes.
Centrosome
 Spindle Fibers

MITOSIS:
METAPHASE
During metaphase, the chromosomes line up along the
equator of the cell, called the metaphase plate.

The spindle fibers, which are attached to the

centromeres of each chromosome, ensure that the
Metaphase Plate chromosomes are properly aligned and can be
separated correctly.

Centrosome
 Spindle Fibers

MITOSIS:
ANAPHASE
During this stage, the sister chromatids of each
replicated chromosome separate and are pulled towards
opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers.

This results in the formation of two identical sets of

chromosomes at opposite poles of the cell.

Sister Chromatids
Chromosome

MITOSIS:
TELOPHASE
During telophase, the chromosomes reach the opposite
poles of the cell, and the nuclear envelope begins to
reform around each set of chromosomes.

The chromosomes begin to uncoil and return to their

normal, diffuse form. The spindle fibers disassemble, and
the cell begins to prepare for cytokinesis.

Centrosome
MITOSIS:
CYTOKINESIS
Cytokinesis is the process by which the cell divides into two
daughter cells.

In animal cells, a contractile ring of actin and myosin filaments

forms around the cell, contracting and pinching the cell
membrane until the cell is divided into two separate cells.

In plant cells, a structure called the cell plate forms along the
equator of the cell, eventually dividing the cell into two separate
daughter cells.
Contractile Ring
ACTIVITY
MITOSIS FLIPBOOK
Materials: 3. On the outside of each of the four panels, label
• White paper (8.5 x 11 inches) them with the stages of mitosis.
• Scissors
• Colored pencils or markers
• Stapler 4. On the inside of each panel, draw and color a
picture that represents each stage of mitosis. You
1. Fold the white paper in half horizontally and cut can also add a brief description of what is
along the fold to create two equal pieces of paper. happening during each stage.

2. Fold each of the two pieces of paper in half 5. Staple the four panels together to create your
again, but this time vertically. flipbook.
 QUIZ TIME!
Read each question carefully and select the best answer.

What is mitosis? What are the four stages of mitosis?

a. The process by which cells divide into two a. G1, S, G2, M

identical daughter cells b. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
b. The process by which cells differentiate into c. Cytokinesis, interphase, G0, M
different types of cells
c. The process by which cells die and are replaced
by new cells
 QUIZ TIME!
Read each question carefully and select the best answer.

During which stage of mitosis do the During which stage of mitosis do the
chromosomes condense and become visible? chromosomes line up at the center of the cell?

a. Prophase a. Prophase
b. Metaphase b. Metaphase
c. Anaphase c. Anaphase
 QUIZ TIME!
Read each question carefully and select the best answer.

During which stage of mitosis do the sister During which stage of mitosis do the nuclear
chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of membrane and nucleolus disappear?
the cell?

a. Prophase a. Prophase
b. Metaphase b. Metaphase
c. Anaphase c. Anaphase
MITOSIS IS NOT JUST A
PROCESS OF CELL
DIVISION

it's a beautiful dance of chromosomes that ensures the

continuity of life.
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
RESOURCE PAGE