Physics 2 Lec - Thermal Expansion (COMPLETE)

GED0083
COLLEGE PHYSICS 2
THERMAL PHYSICS
Engr. Karl Gallardo
I. Thermal Expansion
Thermal II. Heat Transfer
Physics III. Laws of Thermodynamics
GED0083 | College Physics 2 | 2nd Term S.Y. 2022-2023 | Mathematics and Physical Sciences Department
Phases of Matter
Temperature and Heat
Temperature is the measure of hotness
or coldness of a body.
In Physics, temperature is directly

proportional to the kinetic energy of
molecules in a system.
Temperature and Heat
Heat is the energy which travels from high

temperature to low temperature in a
matter. It is also called thermal energy or
internal energy.
THERMAL PHYSICS
Thermal Physics is the branch of

physics that deals with the study of
temperature, heat energy, and their
relation to matter.
TEMPERATURE SCALES
1. Celsius o Centigrade
 Invented by Anders Celsius (1742)
 SI Unit
 Commonly used in households and in the PH
2. Fahrenheit
 Invented by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1724)
 English (Imperial) Unit
3. Kelvin
 Invented by Lord Kelvin of Scotland (1848)
 SI Unit
 Absolute temperature of Celsius
 Commonly used in study of ideal gases
Absolute Zero is the
temperature at which a
thermodynamic system has
the lowest energy.
It corresponds to −273°C on
the Celsius temperature scale
and to −460°F on the
Fahrenheit temperature
scale.
Physicists acknowledge that

this is the lowest possible
coldest temperature where
heat is not present.
CONVERSION FORMULAS
(absolute
Water temperature of
Celsius)
Boiling Point
Freezing Point
Absolute Zero
CONVERSION FORMULAS
Using the boiling point and freezing point of Water
(absolute
temperature
of Celsius)
pure water, the conversion is as follows: Boiling Point
Freezing Point
Celsius to Fahrenheit Absolute Zero
Fahrenheit to Celsius
Celsius to Kelvin
CONVERSION FORMULAS
Sample Problems:
Celsius to Fahrenheit
1. Quarantina Marie’s temperature rose to but she did not
know its equivalent in Celsius. Convert the temperature.
Celsius to Kelvin
CONVERSION FORMULAS
2. The coldest recorded temperature in the Philippines Celsius to Fahrenheit
ever recorded was 14.5°C in 1914. Convert the
temperature to °F.
Celsius to Kelvin
CONVERSION FORMULAS
3. The temperature of a particular gas measures in the Celsius to Fahrenheit
laboratory. Convert in Kelvins.
Celsius to Kelvin
GED0083/L
COLLEGE PHYSICS 2
THERMAL EXPANSION
Engr. Karl Gallardo
THERMAL EXPANSION
Thermal Expansion occurs on
matters when heated
because of the increase in the
vibration of the molecules.
THERMAL EXPANSION
Thermal Expansion of Solid Objects
Source: Vince’s World Source: CNN
Steel bridges contract under decreasing

Bolts are attached to railroad tracks to prevent
temperature and expand under increasing
derailment during cold and hot seasons.
temperature.
THERMAL EXPANSION
Thermal Expansion of Solid Objects
Source: KNEEN and Co Source: Modern Homesteading
Glass breaks under increasing and decreasing Woods expand minimally compared to other solid
temperature since it doesn’t have elastic objects. Heat affects its moisture and strength.
characteristics.
THERMAL EXPANSION
Thermal Expansion of Liquid and Gases
Source: Research Gate Source: Encyclopedia Britannica
Thermal Expansion of liquid is best shown by the

Gases expand when heated—best shown by a hot
classic thermometer with mercury. The mercury
air balloon.
inside the glass expands, hence it gives the reading.
LINEAR EXPANSION (1-D)
A rod of a material has a length at an initial
temperature . When the temperature changes by , the
length changes by .
𝐿𝑜
𝑇 𝑜° 𝐶
𝑇 𝑜+ Δ 𝑇 ° 𝐶
𝐿𝑜 ΔL
For moderate temperature changes, change in length

is directly proportional to change in temperature.
𝐿𝑜
𝑇 𝑜° 𝐶
+ Δ 𝑇 ° 𝐶
𝐿𝑜 ΔL
Linear Expansion formula:
Where:
Final Length:
Δ𝐿
𝛼=
𝐿𝑜 Δ 𝑇
Note: These are very, very small increase.
Source: Tom Brown Inc.

1. A metallic gold rod was subjected to heat. If its initial length was
Δ134 cm
𝐿=𝛼 𝐿𝑜
at 20 and its coefficient of linear expansion is , find its final length if the
𝐿 𝑓 = 𝐿 𝑜+
temperature rose to .
Δ and
2. A silver rod was subjected to heat. If its initial temperature was 𝐿=𝛼
its 𝐿𝑜
final temperature was find the change in temperature. 𝐿 𝑓 = 𝐿 𝑜+
Δ 𝑇 =𝑇 𝑓 −𝑇 𝑜=99° 𝐶 −88 ° 𝐶 =𝟏𝟏 ° 𝑪
3. If a steel bridge has a length of 4,200 feet and the temperature Δ 𝐿=𝛼 𝐿 𝑜
changes
from 0°C to +40°C, what will be its total expansion if the coefficient
𝐿of𝑓linear = 𝐿 𝑜+
expansion is per °C?
One-dimensional Two-dimensional Three-dimensional
AREA EXPANSION (2-D)
Δ 𝐴=2 𝛼 𝐴 𝑜 Δ 𝑇
For moderate temperature changes, change in area
is directly proportional to twice the change in
temperature.
Question! If the coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is , what is

its coefficient of area expansion?
𝐴𝑛𝑠 . 𝟓𝟎 𝒙 𝟏𝟎− 𝟔 / ° 𝑪
Δ 𝐴=2 𝛼 𝐴 𝑜 Δ 𝑇
When an object
undergoes thermal
expansion, any holes in
the object expand as
well.
AREA EXPANSION
Figure 4. Thermal Expansion in Holes. From. Sear's & Zemansky's University
Physics With Modern Physics(pp557) by Young, H. D.,
Freedman, R. A. & A. Lewis Ford(2016). England: Pearson.
1. A square gold plate, 5 inches on both sides, has a 1” hole in
the middle at STP (. If it is heated to , find the new area of the Δ 𝐴=2 𝛼 𝐴 𝑜
gold.
STP – Standard
𝑎. 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑡h𝑒 𝐴𝑜 Temperature and
2 2 2
𝐴𝑜= 𝐴 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 − 𝐴 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 =( 5 𝑖𝑛 ) − 𝜋 ( 0.5 𝑖𝑛 ) =24.2146 𝑖 𝑛 Pressure
1𝑖𝑛
5 𝑖𝑛 )
VOLUME EXPANSION (3-D)
Δ 𝑉 =3 𝛼 𝑉 𝑜 Δ 𝑇
For moderate temperature changes, change in volume
is directly proportional to thrice the change in
temperature.
VOLUME EXPANSION (3-D)
1. An automobile fuel tank is filled to the brim with 45.0 L of gasoline at .
Afterwards, the car is parked under the sun where the temperature is . How much
gasoline overflows from the tank as a result of expansion? Neglect the expansion of
the tank.
Δ 𝑉 =3 𝛼 𝑉 𝑜 Δ
))

Physics 2 Lec - Thermal Expansion (COMPLETE)

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Physics 2 Lec - Thermal Expansion (COMPLETE)

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GED0083

In Physics, temperature is directly

Heat is the energy which travels from high

Thermal Physics is the branch of

Physicists acknowledge that

Source: Vince’s World Source: CNN

Steel bridges contract under decreasing

Source: KNEEN and Co Source: Modern Homesteading

Source: Research Gate Source: Encyclopedia Britannica

Thermal Expansion of liquid is best shown by the

For moderate temperature changes, change in length

Source: Tom Brown Inc.

Δ 𝑇 =𝑇 𝑓 −𝑇 𝑜=99° 𝐶 −88 ° 𝐶 =𝟏𝟏 ° 𝑪

Question! If the coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is , what is

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