EDWARD

BY; MIKE , GIFT , BORNIFACE , ENOCK ,LIMPO AND

BIOLOGY
PRESENTATION.
BY: LIMPO MUTALE, MIKE MUTALE, GIFT CHIPUTA, EDWARD BANDA,
ENOCK MWEEMBA AND BORNFACE KHONDOWE.
CELL SPECIALISATION
AND PROCESSES IN
ANIMALS AND PLANTS.
CELL SPECIALISATION AND PROCESSES.

BY; MIKE , GIFT , BORNIFACE ,

ENOCK ,LIMPO AND EDWARD
WHAT IS CELL SPECIALISATION?

EDWARD
BY; MIKE , GIFT , BORNIFACE , ENOCK ,LIMPO AND
 Cell specialisation is the process by which cells undergo specific changes in
structure and chemical composition of a cytoplasm in order to perform specific
functions.
WHAT IS A CELL?

EDWARD
BY; MIKE , GIFT , BORNIFACE , ENOCK ,LIMPO AND
 A cell IS the basic unit of structure in an organism.
 It can also be defined as a basic unit of a living thing.
Examples of specialised cells.

EDWARD
BY; MIKE , GIFT , BORNIFACE , ENOCK ,LIMPO AND
IN PLANTS. IN ANIMALS.
 Root hair cell.  Ciliated cells.
 Guard cell.  Nerve cells.
 Xylem cell.  Muscle cell.
 Red blood cells.
 White blood cells.
MAIN PRESENTATION.

EDWARD
BY; MIKE , GIFT , BORNIFACE , ENOCK ,LIMPO AND
QUESTION 1
Groundnut sample observation.
John could have observed a cell like structure with a fixed shape (rectangular) with
organelles enclosed in it such as cytoplasm, nucleus and cell membrane.
Rat sample observation
John could have observed a cell like structure with an irregular shape with organelles
in it such as cytoplasm, nucleus and cell membrane.
 BY; MIKE , GIFT , BORNIFACE , ENOCK ,LIMPO AND
EDWARD
Animal cell.(Rat)
Plant cell.(Groundnut)
Question 2.
Question 3.

EDWARD
BY; MIKE , GIFT , BORNIFACE , ENOCK ,LIMPO AND
 Cell membrane: Found in both animal and plant cells.
This is a selectively permeable membrane that controls substances entering and living the cell.
 Cell wall: Found in plant cells only.
Protects the cell from damage and prevents bursting when a cell gains a lot of water, and it also gives
the cell its shape.
 Nucleus: Found in both animal and plant cells.
The nucleus controls all the cells activities and contains genetic information DNA called
chromosomes.
Conti.

EDWARD
BY; MIKE , GIFT , BORNIFACE , ENOCK ,LIMPO AND
 Chloroplasts: Found in plant cells only.
They store a green pigment called chlorophyll which traps sunlight, which is vital for
photosynthesis.
 Cytoplasm: Found in both animal and plant cells.
This is where all chemical reactions/processes of the cell take place.
 Vacuole: found mostly in plant cells , but can also be found in animal cells at
small sizes.
Isolating materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell.
Containing water in plant cells and help maintain water balance. It also pushes the
cytoplasm against the cell wall making the cell firm.
 Mitochondrion(mitochondria plural): Found in both animal and plant cells.
To break down the food to provide energy to the cell.

EDWARD
BY; MIKE , GIFT , BORNIFACE , ENOCK ,LIMPO AND
It is called the power house of the cell because this is where respiration takes place.
Question 4.

EDWARD
BY; MIKE , GIFT , BORNIFACE , ENOCK ,LIMPO AND
 Cell membrane:The importance of the plasma membrane, or the cell
membrane, is that it provides protection for a cell. It also provides a fixed
environment inside the cell. And that membrane has several different
functions. One is to transport nutrients into the cell and also to transport
toxic substances out of the cell.
 Cell wall: The importance of the cell wall is that it
plays important roles in intercellular communication. Because of their
surface location, plant cell walls play an important role in plant-microbe
interactions, including defense responses against potential pathogens.
 Nucleus: The importance of the nucleus is that It is the main control center
for the cell and acts kind of like the cell's brain.
Conti.

EDWARD
BY; MIKE , GIFT , BORNIFACE , ENOCK ,LIMPO AND
 Chloroplasts: The importance of the chloroplasts is that it absorbs sunlight that is
used during photosynthesis to make food(starch) for the plant and after the
process oxygen is released for respiration.
 Cytoplasm:  The importance of the cytoplasm is that it is responsible for
holding the components of the cell and protects them from damage. It
stores the molecules required for cellular processes and is also
responsible for giving the cell its shape.
 Vacuole: Vacuoles are important because they provide structural support,
as well as serve functions such as storage, waste disposal, protection, and
growth.
 Mitochondria: The importance of the mitochondria is that it breaks down
food to provide energy for the cell.
 BY; MIKE , GIFT , BORNIFACE , ENOCK ,LIMPO AND
EDWARD
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