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3-1-Unit II
3-1-Unit II
3-1-Unit II
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PUMPS FOR LIFTING WATER
For the back washing of filters and increasing their efficiency.
For pumping chemical solution at treatment plants.
For filling the elevated distribution reservoirs or overhead
tanks
To increase the pressure in the pipe lines by boosting up the
pressure.
For pumping the treated water directly in the water mains for
its distribution.
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CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS
Classification based on principles of operation
Displacement pump
Centrifugal pumps
Air –lift pumps
Impulse pumps
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SELECTION OF PUMP - FACTORS
The selection of a particular type of pumps depend upon
the following factors
Capacity of pumps
Number of pump units required
Suction conditions
Lift (total head)
Discharge condition, and variation in the load
Floor space requirement
Flexibility of operation
Starting & priming characteristics
Initial cost and running costs
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DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
In these types of pumps vacuum is created mechanically
by the movable part of the pumps.
In the vacuum first the water is drawn inside the pumps,
which on the return of mechanical part of the pump is
displaced and forced out of the chamber trough the valve
and pipe.
The back flow of the water is prevented by means of
suitable valves.
Types
Reciprocating Pumps
Rotary Pumps
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DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
RECIPROCATING PUMP
Reciprocating pumps may be of the following types
Simple hand-operated reciprocating pump
Power operated deep well reciprocating pump
Single-acting reciprocating pump
Double-acting reciprocating pump
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RECIPROCATING PUMP
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41vb6T42_Tk
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
These pumps work on the principle of centrifugal force,
therefore, they are called centrifugal pumps.
The water which enters inside the pump is revolved at
high speed by means of impeller and is thrown to the
periphery by the centrifugal force.
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CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
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DESIGN OF PUMPS
Design of pumps means to find out the capacity of the
pump required to deliver specific quantity of water
against specific head.
So design of pumps can be divided into two parts
To find the total head against which the pump has to
operate.
The total power requirement or the capacity of the pump
or the size of the pump required and also deciding the
number of pumps required as well as stand by.
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TOTAL HEAD OR LIFT AGAINST WHICH
THE PUMP HAS TO WORK
The total head or total lift against which the pump has to
work includes suction lift (or Head), discharge or
delivery lift (or Head) and total loss of head due to
friction, entrance, exit, fitting etc. in suction and rising
main.
If Hs= Suction lift or Head
Hd= Delivery or discharge head
Hl= Total loss of head then,
The total head against which the pump has to work is given
by:
H= Hs + Hd + Hl
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TOTAL HEAD OR LIFT AGAINST WHICH
THE PUMP HAS TO WORK
Suction lift : It is the difference between the lowest water
and the pump
Discharge lift or delivery Head: It is the difference
between the point of discharge or delivery and the pump.
Generally only the friction losses is considered for the
design as minor losses are very small if the length of the
pipe is greater
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TOTAL HEAD OR LIFT AGAINST WHICH
THE PUMP HAS TO WORK
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TOTAL HEAD OR LIFT AGAINST WHICH
THE PUMP HAS TO WORK
Friction loss can be found out by Darcy Weisbach
equation
Darcy Weisbach Eqn
Hf= (4 f l v2) / 2gd = (f’ l v2) / 2gd
Where ,
l= length of pipe
d= dia of pipe
v= velocity of flow
f= coefficient of friction
ϒ – kN /m3
Q - m3 /s
H–m
1 hp = 0.745 kw
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NUMBER OF PUMPS, SIZE AND STAND
BY UNITS
Pumping units at water works are generally not operated
at full capacity for all times.
Since the efficiency of pumping unit varies with the
load, it is a usual practice to design a pumping station
that some of the pump units can be operated at full
capacity, at all the time.
Hence two, three, or four pumps are installed.
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NUMBER OF PUMPS, SIZE AND STAND
BY UNITS
.Thus, there will always exist some stand by capacity to
take care of the repairs, breakdowns, etc.
Generally 100 % stand-by by capacity to take care
against average demand and 33.33 to 50 % standby
capacity against the peak demand is considered sufficient
and may therefore be provided at the pumping station.
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DESIGN OF RISING MAIN
Rising main is the pipe through which the pumped water
is sent further to the next unit for treatment purpose.
Water flows in this pipe under high pressure and flow is
turbulent.
Here the friction loss in the pipe is more due to high
velocity.
Pressure pipes are designed such that overall cost of the
project should be lowest possible both from maintenance
and constructional point of view.
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DESIGN OF RISING MAIN
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ECONOMIC DIAMETER OF RISING MAIN
For pumping a particular fixed discharge of water, there
are two options
Itcan be pumped through bigger diameter pipe at low
velocity
Through lesser diameter pipe at high velocity
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DESIGN OF RISING MAIN
An empirical formula given by lee is commonly used for
determining the dia of the pumping or rising main
D= 0.97 to 1.22 √Q
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DESIGN OF RISING MAIN HEAD LOSS IN
RISING MAIN
The loss of head in the rising main can be found by using
(i) Darcy Weisbach eq
(ii) Hazen William’s equation
v= velocity of flow
f= coefficient of friction
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Examples 2• A city with 1.5 lakh population I to be
supplied water at 100 lpcd from a river 1 km away. The
difference in water level of sump and reservoir is 30 m.
if the demand has to be supplied in 8 hr., determine the
size of the main and B.H.P of the pumps required. • Take
f- 0.0075, velocity in the pipe as 2.0 m/sec and efficiency
of pump as 75 %
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Example 3• From a clear water reservoir 3 m deep and
maximum water level at RL 35 m water is to be pumped
to an elevated reservoir at RL 80 m at the constant rate of
9 lakh litres per hour. The distance is 2000 m. Find the
economic diameter of the rising main and the horse
power of the pump. Neglect minor losses and take
f=0.01
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