PUMPS FOR LIFTING WATER

 The function of the pump is to lift the water or any fluid

at higher elevation or higher pressure.
 In water works pumps are required under the following
circumstances.
 At the source of water to lift the water from rivers, streams,
wells etc.. and to pump it to the treatment works.
 At the treatment plant to lift the water at various units so that
it may flow in them due to the gravitational force only during
the treatment of the water.

1
PUMPS FOR LIFTING WATER
 For the back washing of filters and increasing their efficiency.
 For pumping chemical solution at treatment plants.
 For filling the elevated distribution reservoirs or overhead
tanks
 To increase the pressure in the pipe lines by boosting up the
pressure.
 For pumping the treated water directly in the water mains for
its distribution.

2
CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS
 Classification based on principles of operation
 Displacement pump
 Centrifugal pumps
 Air –lift pumps
 Impulse pumps

 Classification based on type of power required •

 Electricaldriven pumps
 Gasoline engine pumps
 Steam engine pumps
 Diesel engine pumps
3
CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS
 Classification based on the type of services
 Low lift pumps
 High lift pumps
 Deep-well pumps
 Booster pumps
 Standby pumps

4
SELECTION OF PUMP - FACTORS
  The selection of a particular type of pumps depend upon
the following factors
 Capacity of pumps
 Number of pump units required
 Suction conditions
 Lift (total head)
 Discharge condition, and variation in the load
 Floor space requirement
 Flexibility of operation
 Starting & priming characteristics
 Initial cost and running costs
5
DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
 In these types of pumps vacuum is created mechanically
by the movable part of the pumps.
 In the vacuum first the water is drawn inside the pumps,
which on the return of mechanical part of the pump is
displaced and forced out of the chamber trough the valve
and pipe.
 The back flow of the water is prevented by means of
suitable valves.
 Types
 Reciprocating Pumps
 Rotary Pumps
6
DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
RECIPROCATING PUMP
 Reciprocating pumps may be of the following types
 Simple hand-operated reciprocating pump
 Power operated deep well reciprocating pump
 Single-acting reciprocating pump
 Double-acting reciprocating pump

7
RECIPROCATING PUMP

8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41vb6T42_Tk
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
  These pumps work on the principle of centrifugal force,
therefore, they are called centrifugal pumps.
 The water which enters inside the pump is revolved at
high speed by means of impeller and is thrown to the
periphery by the centrifugal force.

9
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

10
DESIGN OF PUMPS
 Design of pumps means to find out the capacity of the
pump required to deliver specific quantity of water
against specific head.
 So design of pumps can be divided into two parts
 To find the total head against which the pump has to
operate.
 The total power requirement or the capacity of the pump
or the size of the pump required and also deciding the
number of pumps required as well as stand by.

11
TOTAL HEAD OR LIFT AGAINST WHICH
THE PUMP HAS TO WORK
 The total head or total lift against which the pump has to
work includes suction lift (or Head), discharge or
delivery lift (or Head) and total loss of head due to
friction, entrance, exit, fitting etc. in suction and rising
main.
 If Hs= Suction lift or Head
 Hd= Delivery or discharge head
 Hl= Total loss of head then,
 The total head against which the pump has to work is given
by:
 H= Hs + Hd + Hl
12
TOTAL HEAD OR LIFT AGAINST WHICH
THE PUMP HAS TO WORK
 Suction lift : It is the difference between the lowest water
and the pump
 Discharge lift or delivery Head: It is the difference
between the point of discharge or delivery and the pump.
 Generally only the friction losses is considered for the
design as minor losses are very small if the length of the
pipe is greater

13
TOTAL HEAD OR LIFT AGAINST WHICH
THE PUMP HAS TO WORK

14
TOTAL HEAD OR LIFT AGAINST WHICH
THE PUMP HAS TO WORK
 Friction loss can be found out by Darcy Weisbach
equation
 Darcy Weisbach Eqn
 Hf= (4 f l v2) / 2gd = (f’ l v2) / 2gd
Where ,
 l= length of pipe
 d= dia of pipe

 v= velocity of flow

 f= coefficient of friction

 f’= friction factor

 Value of friction factor varies between (0.02 to 0.075) 15

POWER REQUIRED BY THE PUMP OR
CAPACITY OF PUMP
 The horse power (H.P.) of the pump can be determined
by calculating the work done by the pump in raising the
water up to the height H.
 Let the pump raise W kg of water to height H meter.

 Then the work done by the pump= W x H (m.kg) = ϒ Q

H (m. kg/sec)
Where, ϒ = UnitWeight of water
Q= Discharge to be pumped in m3 /sec
H= Total head in meter
Water Horse Power (WHP) = (ϒ Q H) / 75
16
 Power required by the pump or capacity of pump • Brake
Horse Power (B.H.P)
 = ϒ Q H / ( 0.745 * Efficiency )

 ϒ – kN /m3
 Q - m3 /s

H–m

 1 hp = 0.745 kw

17
NUMBER OF PUMPS, SIZE AND STAND
BY UNITS
 Pumping units at water works are generally not operated
at full capacity for all times.
 Since the efficiency of pumping unit varies with the
load, it is a usual practice to design a pumping station
that some of the pump units can be operated at full
capacity, at all the time.
 Hence two, three, or four pumps are installed.

 The sizes of these pumps can be fixed by considering the

demand, available storage

18
NUMBER OF PUMPS, SIZE AND STAND
BY UNITS
 .Thus, there will always exist some stand by capacity to
take care of the repairs, breakdowns, etc.
 Generally 100 % stand-by by capacity to take care
against average demand and 33.33 to 50 % standby
capacity against the peak demand is considered sufficient
and may therefore be provided at the pumping station.

19
DESIGN OF RISING MAIN
 Rising main is the pipe through which the pumped water
is sent further to the next unit for treatment purpose.
 Water flows in this pipe under high pressure and flow is
turbulent.
 Here the friction loss in the pipe is more due to high
velocity.
 Pressure pipes are designed such that overall cost of the
project should be lowest possible both from maintenance
and constructional point of view.

20
DESIGN OF RISING MAIN

21
ECONOMIC DIAMETER OF RISING MAIN
 For pumping a particular fixed discharge of water, there
are two options
 Itcan be pumped through bigger diameter pipe at low
velocity
 Through lesser diameter pipe at high velocity

 If the dia of the pipe is increased, it will lead to higher

cost of the pipe line on the other hand if the pipe
diameter is reduced the velocity would increase which
will lead to higher frictional head loss and will require
more Horse Power for pumping, thereby increasing the
cost of pumping, also cost of fitting will increase.
22
ECONOMIC DIAMETER OF RISING MAIN
 For obtaining the optimum efficiency, it is necessary to
design the diameter of the pumping main which will be
overall most economical in initial cost as well as
maintenance cost for pumping the required quantity of
water.
 The diameter which provide such optimum condition is
known as “economic diameter” of the pipe.

23
DESIGN OF RISING MAIN
 An empirical formula given by lee is commonly used for
determining the dia of the pumping or rising main
 D= 0.97 to 1.22 √Q

Where, • D= Economic dia of pipe in meters

• Q= Discharge to be pumped in cumecs

24
DESIGN OF RISING MAIN HEAD LOSS IN
RISING MAIN
 The loss of head in the rising main can be found by using
(i) Darcy Weisbach eq
(ii) Hazen William’s equation

 Darcy Weisbach Eqn

 Hf= (4 f l v2) / 2gd = (f’ l v2) / 2gd
Where ,
 l= length of pipe
 d= dia of pipe

 v= velocity of flow

 f= coefficient of friction

 f’= friction factor

25
 Value of friction factor varies between (0.02 to 0.075)
DESIGN OF RISING MAIN
 Hazen Williams Equation
 V= 0.85 C R 0.63 S 0.54

Where, V= velocity of flow

S= Slope of H.G.L
R= Hydraulic mean Radius of the pipe = A/ P
If pipe is running full then R= d/4
C= Hazen William’s coefficient which depends
on age, quality and material of pipe.
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
 Examples 1• Find out the head loss due to friction in a
rising main from the following data: • Length of the
rising main= 600 m • Diameter of pipe= 0.2 m •
Discharge required to be pumped = 1200 l/min • Friction
factors= 0.025

35
36
 Examples 2• A city with 1.5 lakh population I to be
supplied water at 100 lpcd from a river 1 km away. The
difference in water level of sump and reservoir is 30 m.
if the demand has to be supplied in 8 hr., determine the
size of the main and B.H.P of the pumps required. • Take
f- 0.0075, velocity in the pipe as 2.0 m/sec and efficiency
of pump as 75 %

37
38
39
 Example 3• From a clear water reservoir 3 m deep and
maximum water level at RL 35 m water is to be pumped
to an elevated reservoir at RL 80 m at the constant rate of
9 lakh litres per hour. The distance is 2000 m. Find the
economic diameter of the rising main and the horse
power of the pump. Neglect minor losses and take
f=0.01

40