Prepared By:

SWATI CHAWLA
Asst Professor
MERI
Challenges for e-governance:
Different Language
Population
Low Literacy
Low IT Literacy
Lack Of Trust
User friendliness of government websites
Services are not accessible easily- Remote areas
Lack of awareness in people
Cost
Privacy and Security
Advantages Of E-Government:
Speed – Technology makes communication speedier. Internet,
Phones, Cell Phones have reduced the time taken in normal
communication.
Cost Reduction – Most of the Government expenditure is
appropriated towards the cost of stationary. Paper-based
communication needs lots of stationary, printers, computers, etc.
which calls for continuous heavy expenditure. Internet and Phones
makes communication cheaper saving valuable money for the
Government.
Transparency – Use of ICT makes governing profess transparent. All
the information of the Government would be made available on the
internet. The citizens can see the information whenever they want
to see. But this is only possible when every piece of information of
the Government is uploaded on the internet and is available for the
public to peruse. Current governing process leaves many ways to
conceal the information from all the people. ICT helps make the
information available online eliminating all the possibilities of
concealing of information.
Advantages Of E-Government:
4. Accountability – Once the governing process is
made transparent the Government is automatically
made accountable. Accountability is answerability of
the Government to the people. It is the answerability
for the deeds of the Government. An accountable
Government is a responsible Government.
Disadvantages Of E-Government:
An electronic government is to move the government
services into an electronic based system. This system
loses the person to person interaction which is valued
by a lot of people.
Server Problems
Literacy of the users and the ability to use the
computer, users who do not know how to read and
write would need assistance. (Senior Citizens, Rural
people)
security, fear of spam from providing email addresses.
(UID Project)
Emerging Trends and Best Practices in
Global E-commerce
Mobile technologies- More people access the Internet
on their mobile devices than on any other device.
Social media- As Facebook has become the most visited
site on the Web, the role of social media, including
Facebook and its local clones such as Twitter, is
increasingly important.
Global availability- consumers want the availability to
buy products from foreign sites and have them delivered
locally.
Customizability-
Time-based availability- Sites like Groupon, Gilt and
others capitalize on the perception of limited-time
availability.  Creating a sense of urgency drives traffic and
purchase behavior.
What is Digital Commerce
Digital commerce (D-commerce) is a type of e-
commerce used by an organization that delivers and
sells products online.
D-commerce is used by companies that sell news,
subscriptions, documents or any form of electronic
content, and the digital commerce company collects
payments, handles customer refunds and billing and
manages other accounting functions for online
publisher clients.
D-commerce is considered a form of e-commerce
because it deals with the exchange of electronic
goods.
Digital Commerce
Media subscriptions (i.e., i tunes)
Buying and selling "virtual merchandise" for online games
Some of the popular websites are eBay, iTunes, Amazon,
HMV, Best Buy
What is mobile commerce?
M-commerce (mobile commerce) is the buying and
selling of goods and services through wireless
handheld devices such as cellular telephone and
personal digital assistants (PDAs). Known as next-
generation e-commerce, m-commerce enables users
to access the Internet without needing to find a place
to plug in.
Difference between E-Commerce
And Mobile commerce:
The advantages of m-
commerce include:
Added customer retention by being more easily
accessible.
More convenience for customers in comparing prices,
reading reviews and making purchases without the
need of a desktop computer.
Wider variety of products and services.
Automates a businesses’ point of customer contact
and sales.
Issues in E Commerce
The major ethical, social, and political issues that
have developed around e commerce over the past
seven to eight years can be loosely categorized into
four major dimensions: information rights,
property rights, governance, and public safety
and welfare .
Some of the ethical, social, and political issues raised
in each of these areas include the following:
 Four moral dimensions of e-
commerce
CONT....
 Information rights: What rights to their own personal information do
individuals have in a public marketplace, or in their private homes, when
Internet technology make information collection so pervasive and efficient?
What rights do individuals have to access information about business firms
and other organizations?
 Property rights: How can traditional intellectual property rights be enforced
in an internet world where perfect copies of protected works can be made and
easily distributed worldwide in seconds?
 Governance: Should the Internet and e-commerce be subject to public laws?
And if so, what law-making bodies have jurisdiction - state, federal, and/or
international?
 Public safety and welfare: What efforts should be undertaken to ensure
equitable access to the Internet and ecommerce channels? Should
governments be responsible for ensuring that schools and colleges have access
to the Internet? Is certain online content and activities - such as pornography
and gambling - a threat to public safety and welfare? Should mobile
commerce be allowed from moving vehicles?
POLITICAL COSIDERATIONS
Bureaucracy
Corruption level
Freedom of the press
Tariffs
Trade control
Education Law
Anti-trust law
Employment law
Discrimination law
Data protection law
CONT....
 Environmental Law
 Health and safety law
 Competition regulation
 Regulation and deregulation
 Tax policy (tax rates and incentives)
 Government stability and related changes
 Government involvement in trade unions and agreements
 Import restrictions on quality and quantity of product
 Intellectual property law (Copyright, patents)
 Consumer protection and e-commerce
 Laws that regulate environment pollution
SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS
Background for entrepreneurial activities.
Social Setting
Caste System
Consumer Opinion
Cultural Structure
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
• Online Data Theft & Security
– Data breaches
– Securing
• Credit card numbers
• Personal information, like their address
• Email addresses and a password, which they may share across many
accounts
• Purchase history (particularly important if you sell sensitive
products)
• Free Speech versus censorship
• IPRs and Online Piracy
• Privacy
– Tracing Email Ids, IP Addressesand cookies
E-commerce business affects by
many factors such as
Design and user friendliness of the website
Speed of the internet
Geographical location
Price of the product
Quality of the product
Security on money transaction
Fast shipping option
Easy return policy
Great customer support
User’s reviews
Disadvantages of m-
commerce include:
A poorly executed mobile experience can deter
customers from making purchases.
Mobile payment options are not available in every
geographic location and may not support every type
of digital wallet.
Businesses must know and comply with tax laws and
regulations of all countries they ship to (some
businesses will avoid this by only allowing purchases
and shipping from their country of origin).
REGULATORY
CONSIDERATIONS
IT ACT OF INDIA
• In May 2000, both the houses of the Indian Parliament
passed the Information Technology Bill. The Bill
received the assent of the President in August 2000
and came to be known as the Information Technology
Act, 2000.
• Cyber laws are contained in the IT Act, 2000.
• This Act aims to provide the legal infrastructure for e-
commerce in India. And the cyber laws have a major
impact for e-businesses and the new economy in India.
Highlights of the Information
Technology Act, 2000
• The Act comprises of 94 sections divided in 13 chapters.
• The chapters cover
– Digital signature
– Electronic governance
– Attribution
– Acknowledgment and dispatch of electronic records
– Security of electronic records and digital signatures
regulation of certifying authorities
– Duties of subscribes to digital signature certificate
– Cyber regulation appellate tribunal, offences and liabilities of
network service providers.
ADVANTAGES OF IT ACT 2000
• The IT Act 2000 attempts to change outdated laws
and provides ways to deal with cyber crimes.
• The Act offers the much-needed legal framework so
that information is not denied legal effect, validity
or enforceability, solely on the ground that it is in the
form of electronic records.
• In view of the growth in transactions and
communications carried out through electronic
records, the Act seeks to empower government
departments to accept filing, creating and retention of
official documents in the digital format.
THANK YOU