Transport Layer in OSI Model

A brief overview of the Transport Layer in the OSI model and its key features

GROUP 04
Transport Layer in OSI Model

The Transport Layer is the fourth It is situated above the Network Its primary function is to provide
layer in the OSI model Layer and below the Session reliable and efficient
Layer communication between network
hosts
Key Features of Transport Layer
● Segmentation: It breaks down large data
streams into smaller units called segments or
datagrams.
● Connection Establishment: It establishes
logical connections between communicating
hosts.
● Reliability: It ensures the reliable delivery of
data and implements error detection and
correction mechanisms.
● Flow Control: It regulates the rate of data
transmission between sender and receiver to
prevent overload.
● Multiplexing and Demultiplexing: It enables
multiple applications to share a network
connection.
 Quality of Service (QoS)

The Transport Layer supports

Quality of Service parameters
to meet specific application
01
requirements
02 It enables prioritization of
traffic, allocation of
bandwidth, and management
of network resources

This ensures optimal 03

performance and meets the
needs of different applications
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
TCP provides reliable, connection-
oriented communication.
It guarantees the delivery of data and
ensures the ordered delivery of
segments.
TCP achieves reliable data transfer
through various mechanisms. It uses
acknowledgments to confirm the
successful receipt of data. Sequence
numbers enable ordered delivery and
detection of duplicate segments.
Sliding windows allow for efficient
flow control and congestion
management.
 UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

UDP is a connectionless
protocol that offers simpler,
unreliable communication.
01
02 It does not provide
guaranteed delivery or
ordered delivery of
segments.

UDP is suitable for real-time 03

applications such as video
streaming or online gaming,
where speed and low latency are
more important than reliable
delivery.
Establishing a Connection Using the
Three-way Handshake
● The threeway handshake is used by TCP to
establish a reliable connection.
● Client sends SYN message with initial
sequence number (ISN).
● Server responds with SYNACK message,
indicating readiness to establish connection.
● Client acknowledges with ACK message,
confirming connection establishment.
The Transport Layer Ensures
Reliable Data Transfer Through

01 Sliding window mechanism: TCP's sliding window controls

data flow and flow control, allowing the sender to transmit
without acknowledgments and adjusting the window size
based on network conditions.

02 Acknowledgment and retransmission: TCP provides reliable

delivery by using acknowledgments to confirm successful
receipt and retransmitting lost or corrupted segments.

03 Sequence numbers: TCP assigns unique sequence numbers to

segments for ordered delivery and detection of duplicates.
Conclusion

The transport layer plays a vital role in ensuring reliable and efficient data transfer. The OSI
model provides framework for designing network protocols. The transport layer is essential for
network administrators and developers to troubleshoot network applications, optimize
performance, and ensure reliable data transfer in order to build robust and efficient networks.
Thank you for your time and attention 🙂

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