Cranial Nerves

Zari Danielle Torres

 A
Goal
1. To review the different
cranial nerves and its role in
the stomatognathic system

2. To understand the different

considerations in clinical
practice related to these
nerves
Presentation title 2
 Introduction
The 12 pairs of cranial nerves arise from the brain inside the cranial
cavity and pass through various foramina in the bones of the
cranium.

Divides into 6 functions: GSA, GVA, SA, GSE, GVE, AND BE

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 CRANIAL NERVE FUNCTIONAL
COMPONENTS

GSA GVA SA GSE GVE BE

General visceral Branchial
General somatic General visceral Special Afferent General somatic Efferent
afferent afferent efferent
efferent
Smell, taste,
Sensory input vision, hearing, Motor Motor
Perception of from viscera Motor innervation to
touch pain, and balance innervation to
innervation to skeletal muscles
temperature smooth
skeletal derives from
muscles, heart
(voluntary) pharyngeal arch
muscles, and
muscles mesoderm
glands

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 I. Olfactory Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Special Sensory Olfactory Epithelium Foramina in Cribriform

plate of Ethmoid Bone

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 II. Optic Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Special Sensory Retina (ganglion cells) Optic Canal Vision from retina

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 III. Oculomotor Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Somatic Motor Midbrain Superior Orbital Fissure

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 III. Oculomotor Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Visceral Motor Presynaptic: Midbrain Superior Orbital Fissure

Postsynaptic: Ciliary
ganglion

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 IV. Trochlear Nerve

Location Of Nerve Main Action

Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit

Motor to Superior
Somatic Motor Midbrain Superior Orbital Fissure Oblique that assists in
directing gaze
inferolaterally

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 V1. Ophthalmic Branch of Trigeminal N.

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Somatic (General) Trigeminal Ganglion Superior Orbital Fissure

sensory

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 V2. Maxillary Branch of Trigeminal N.

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Somatic (General) Trigeminal Ganglion Foramen Rotundum

sensory

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 V3. Mandibular Branch of Trigeminal N.

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Somatic (General) Pons Foramen Ovale

sensory

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 V3. Mandibular Branch of Trigeminal N.

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Somatic (Branchial) Pons Foramen Ovale

motor

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 VI. Abducens Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Somatic Motor Pons Superior Orbital Fissure Motor to lateral rectus

that directs gaze laterally

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 VII. Facial Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Somatic (branchial) Pons Internal Acoustic

motor Meatus
Facial Canal
Stylomastoid foramen

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 VII. Facial Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Special Sensory Geniculate Ganglion Internal Acoustic Taste from anterior 2/3
Meatus of tongue and palate
Facial Canal
Stylomastoid foramen

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 VII. Facial Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Visceral motor Pons Internal Acoustic

Meatus
Facial Canal
Stylomastoid foramen

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 VIII. Vestibular branch of Vestibulochochlear N.

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Special Sensory Vestibular Ganglion Internal Acoustic

Meatus

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 VIII. Cochlear branch of Vestibulochochlear N.

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Special Sensory Spiral Ganglion Internal Acoustic Hearing from spiral

Meatus organ

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 IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Somatic (branchial) Medulla Jugular Foramen Motor to

Nerve stylopharyngeus that
assists with swallowing

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 IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Visceral Motor Presynaptic: Medulla Jugular Foramen Parasympathetic

Postsynaptic: Otic Innervation to Parotid
Ganglion Gland

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 IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Visceral Sensory Superior Ganglion Jugular Foramen

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 IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Special Sensory Inferior Ganglion Jugular Foramen Taste from posterior two
third of tongue

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 IX. Glossopharyngeal Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Somatic (general) Inferior ganglion Jugular Foramen Cutaneous sensation

sensory from external ear

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 X. Vagus Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Somatic (branchial) Medulla Jugular Foramen

Nerve

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 X. Vagus Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Visceral motor Medulla Jugular Foramen

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 X. Vagus Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Visceral Sensory Inferior Ganglion Jugular Foramen

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 X. Vagus Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Special Sensory Inferior Ganglion Jugular Foramen Taste from epiglottis and
palate

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 X. Vagus Nerve

Location Of Nerve Main Action

Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit

Sensation from auricle,

Somatic (general) Superior Ganglion Jugular Foramen external acoustic
sensory meatus, and dura mater
of posterior cranial fossa

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 XI. Spinal Accessory Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Somatic Motor Spinal Cord Jugular Foramen Motor to

sternocleidomastoid and
trapezius muscle

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 XII. Hypoglossal Nerve

Location Of Nerve
Component Cell Bodies
Cranial Exit Main Action

Somatic Motor Medulla Hypoglossal Canal motor

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 Trigeminal Nerve

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 Trigeminal Nerve

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 Trigeminal Nerve

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 Trigeminal Neuralgia
The 12 pairs of cranial nerves arise from the brain inside the cranial
cavity and pass through various foramina in the bones of the
cranium.

Divides into 3 functions: Sensory nerves, Motor nerves and Mixed

nerves.

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 Bell’s Palsy
The 12 pairs of cranial nerves arise from the brain inside the cranial
cavity and pass through various foramina in the bones of the
cranium.

Divides into 3 functions: Sensory nerves, Motor nerves and Mixed

nerves.

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 Mirjam Nilsson​

Thank you mirjam@contoso.com

www.contoso.com