Perancangan Alat Proses II

Merancang Menara Distilasi

Gambar 1: Kolom Distilasi
Gambar 2: Menara Distilasi Kontinyu
 Column diagram
• liquid/vapor streams inside total condenser
the column flow counter-
current in direct contact with reflux drum
each other (accumulator)

enriching section
• all three external streams (F, reflux distillate
D, B) can be liquids (usual case) L, xR D, xD

• for a binary mixture, the

temperature
compositions xF, xD, xB all feed feed stage
refer to the more volatile F, xF

stripping section
component
• for a binary mixture, the
compositions xF, xD, xB all
refer to the more volatile boilup
component V, yB

• the partial reboiler is the last

equilibrium stage in the system bottoms
B, xB
partial reboiler
 Neraca Masa
TMB: F=D+B
CMB: F xF = D xD + B xB

for specified F, xF, xD, xB, distillate

there are only 2 unknowns D, xD
(D, B)
feed
F, xF

B=F-D
bottoms
B, xB
 Neraca Energi
• assume column is well-
insulated, adiabatic

EB: F hF + QC + QR
= D hD + B hB distillate
D, xD
F, hF are known
feed
F, xF
D and B are saturated liquids
so hD, hB are also known

unknowns: QC, QR

• need another equation bottoms

B, xB
 Neraca pada condenser
1. Mass balance
TMB: V1 = D + L 0
CMB: y1 = xD = xR (doesn’t help)
vapor
V1, y1
unknowns: V1, L0
specify external reflux ratio R = L0/D reflux
L0, xR distillate
V1 = D + (L0/D)D = (1 + R)D D, xD

2. Energy balance
hD > H1
V1H1 + QC = (D + L0)hD = V1hD QC < 0
QC = V1(hD – H1) QR > 0

then calculate QR from column energy balance

Splits
Sometimes used instead of specifying
compositions in product streams.

What is the fractional recovery (FR) of

benzene in the distillate?

What is the fractional recovery (FR) of

toluene in the bottoms?

Most volatile component (MVC) is benzene:

xF = 0.46
Perhitungan fractional recoveries (FR)

B = F – D = 620 - 281 = 339