Hybrid Design of Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensor for Lower Indexed Chemicals

Veerpal Kaur, Surinder Singh

Department of Electronics and Communication, Sant Longowal Institution of Engineering and Technology, Longowal-148106 (Punjab),India INSERT

http://ece.sliet.ac.in/kaur.veerpal617@gmail.com/ 01672253228
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Abstract
Figure 5 shows the relative

R e la tiv e S e n sitiv ity [ % ]

35

In this paper, hybrid photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) sensor performance analyzed sensitivity curve as a function of 30

by adding horizontal elliptical air hole at center. The sensor has maximum wavelength. Relative sensitivity 25

sensitivity 35.9371% and minimum confinement loss 3.6998 ×10-9 (dB/m) for increases sharply till the wavelength 20

Benzene chemical. is 1µm; then we find a gradual water(1.330)

15
. increase for rest of the wavelengths. ethanol(1.354)
benzene(1.360)
.
Overview of PCF based sensing mechanism Higher relative sensitivity 10

Figure1. Cross sectional view of the proposed hybrid PCF. Figure 2. FEM Meshed 24.19923%, 28.9753 % and 5
Sensing Mechanism Photonic Sensing structure 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2

Simulation and Numerical Analysis 35.9371% for water ethanol and Wavelength[um]

Figure5.Relative Sensitivity verses wavelength

 Absorbance benzene. Figure 6 shows 2
10
The propagation characteristics were measured using Finite Element Method confinement loss which increases
 Reflectance

C o n f in e m e n t lo ss[ d B /m ]
water(1.330)
(FEM). The Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) was used as the boundary condition
0

with increase in wavelength. This is 10 ethanol(1.354)

 Luminescence of the PCF. Figure 2 shows the Mesh formation of the computational region of
benzene(1.360)

due leaky mode present into cladding -2

10
 Fluorescence the proposed PCF which is divided into homogeneous triangular subspaces. The region and show narrow dip at -4

 Refractive Index
10
eigenvalue equation of the proposed PCF can be solved in the hybrid mode . specific wavelength with minimum
 Light Scattering
-6

During the propagation of light hybrid mode considered for this analysis. Figure loss 1.02931×10-8 (dB/m),
10

3 represents the calculated poynting flux of hybrid x and y modes. 4.31802×10-8 (dB/m) and 3.6998 ×10-
-8
10

9
(dB/m) for water, ethanol and -10
10
0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
benzene. Wavelength[um]
Figure6.Confinment loss verse wavelength
.
Introduction Fabrication

During the last decade, photonic crystal fiber becomes a potential nominee in the Stack and Draw Technique
sensor field due to its most intriguing structure for sensing application. Advance  Selective filling Technique
technology support unique sensing properties by modifying its size, structure and  Sol-gel Technique
arrangement of air hole in core cladding region [1]. Photonic sensor has
Figure3(a).X polarized mode HE11 Figure(3b). Y polarized mode HE11  Chemical Vapor Deposition Technique
tremendous interest for detecting various species like toxic gases, liquid, bacteria A FEM based simulation tool COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3a has been used to Conclusion
and disease tissues [2, 3]. Hollow core PCF has high sensitivity, narrow simulate the proposed structure. The detection technique of any chemical analyte
transmission spectra and needed precise arrangement of air holes [4]. Further, by the proposed PCF is the absorption method. The absorption of the sample to This proposed sensor has maximum relative sensitivity around 24.19923%,
solid core PCF becomes premium candidate to overcome the above limitation be detected is defined as; 28.9753 % and 35.9371% minimum confinement losses are 1.02931×10-8
with low sensitivity [5]. Many researchers have reported to enhance the (dB/m), 4.31802×10-8 (dB/m) and 3.6998 ×10-9 (dB/m) for water, ethanol and
sensitivity of index guided PCF by different designs. In this respect, we use The relative sensitivity coefficient r is defined by the following equation;
benzene. This proposed sensor used for various liquid and gas sensing
circular photonic crystal fiber with high index P2O5 and GeO2 doped silica ring
application with wide range of operating wavelength from 0.5 to 2.0 µm.
around the core and analyzed sensor performance. A
Future Work
Research Objective B Where, the power distribution function f is called the percentage of energy in the
hole. Silica considered as background material by using the sellmeier equation.  It is done theoretically only. The proposed PCF based gas and chemical sensor
will be fabricated practically.
An acute literature has been surveyed on different design of PCF used for  In future, We will try to employ PCF sensor for industrial safety purposes by
sensing application. The literature survey indicates microstructure fiber with sensing toxic and flammable gases and liquids.
holy core based sensor has maximum sensitivity and minimum confinement loss. Much more work should be done for achieving higher sensitivity and lower
Following are research objective: Result and Discussion confinement losses.
. To Introduce hybrid design of PCF .
 To analysis the sensing performance for different chemicals 1.45
References
The performance analysis of the water(1.330)
Proposed Structure proposed H-PCF has been done at a ethanol(1.354)
Effective Refractive Index

1.4 benzene(1.360) 1. S. Yin, “Fiber Optic Sensors”, Taylor & Francis Group, CRC Press, 2nd Ed. (2008).
wide range of wavelength from 0.5
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in cladding and horizontal directed elliptical air hole in core region. This the proposed sensor has been shown detection of antibodies in micro structured polymer optical fiber,” Opt.Expres
1.35
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1.25
benzene. Refractive index of various sensing like water, ethanol and benzene is ethanol(1.354) and benzene(1.360). 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 Cape Town Email: info@researchposters.co.za
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Figure 4. Effect Refractive index verse wavelength
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