This document provides an overview of key concepts in biological psychology and neurotransmission, including:
1) It defines key terms like neurons, synapses, neurotransmitters, action potentials, and refractory periods.
2) It describes how action potentials are generated through the exchange of ions across the axon membrane, creating a brief electrical charge.
3) It explains how neurotransmitters are released at the synapse and allow neurons to communicate across the synaptic gap.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in biological psychology and neurotransmission, including:
1) It defines key terms like neurons, synapses, neurotransmitters, action potentials, and refractory periods.
2) It describes how action potentials are generated through the exchange of ions across the axon membrane, creating a brief electrical charge.
3) It explains how neurotransmitters are released at the synapse and allow neurons to communicate across the synaptic gap.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in biological psychology and neurotransmission, including:
1) It defines key terms like neurons, synapses, neurotransmitters, action potentials, and refractory periods.
2) It describes how action potentials are generated through the exchange of ions across the axon membrane, creating a brief electrical charge.
3) It explains how neurotransmitters are released at the synapse and allow neurons to communicate across the synaptic gap.
Module 9 Biological Psychology and Neurotransmission Key Terms ● Biological Psychology ● All - Or - None Response ● Neurons ● Synapse ● Cell Body (Soma) ● Neurotransmitters ● Dendrites ○ Acetylcholine ● Axon ○ Dopamine ● Myelin Sheath ○ Serotonin ● Axon Terminal ○ Norepinephrine ● Action Potential ○ GABA ● Refractory Period ○ Glutamate ● Threshold ○ Endorphins ● Agonist ● Antagonist Key People ● None *Action Potential ● A neural impulse ● A brief electrical charge ● Travels down the axon to the next neuron *Action Potential ● Ions are exchanged ○ Positive or Negative ○ When these particles move they create electricity = Action Potential ○ Outside the axon = positive ○ Inside the axon = negative ● Resting Potential ○ The positive - outside/negative - inside state ○ The state of a neuron when it is at rest and capable of generating an action potential *Action Potential *Action Potential ● When a neuron fires… ○ Positive ions enter the axon (sodium) ○ Depolarization each section ○ Dominos ● *Refractory Period ○ Resting phase ○ The neuron pumps the positive ions back outside so it can fire again ○ Sodium - Potassium Pump ● 100 to 1,000 times a second *Refractory Period ● The “recharging phase” ● A neuron after firing cannot generate another action potential *Threshold ● In order to fire a neuron, the signal needs to pass a certain threshold. ● The level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse ● *All - Or - None Response ○ Neurons either fire or they don’t ○ If a neuron fires it will always fire at the same intensity 100% Neuron Communication ● *Synapse ○ The gap between the axon tip of one neuron and the dendrite of a second neuron ■ Synaptic Gap ■ Synaptic Cleft ● Reuptake ○ Reabsorption of one’s own neurotransmitters