SCADA

• SUPERVISORY CONTROL

• AND

• DATA ACQUISITION
 FUNCTIONS

• Enables TPC at RCC, to monitor & control

traction power supply at remotely located
TSS & SWS, reliably and safely.

• Acquisition, storage, analysis & displaying

of data in prescribed form.
Contd…..
 FUNCTIONS
• Automatic localization of OHE faults.

• Granting Power Block.

• Feed Extension with adjoining Division.

• Off-load Tap-changing PF, MD Control.

 PARTS OF SCADA

• RCC (Remote Control Centre)

• Communication Interface.

• RTU (Remote Terminal Units)

 EQUIPMENTS AT RCC
• MASTER SERVER

• WORK-STATIONS (OWS )

• FRONT END PROCESSORS (FEP)

• LAN (ETHERNET HUB)

• MODEMS

• LAPTOPS & PRINTERS

• UPS & BATTERY 200AH, 110VDC

• USB CLOCK SYSTEM

 MASTER SERVER (HOST)

• INTEL Xeon Dual core Processor 2.0 Ghz

or Higher upgradeable to dual processing
4 cores with OEM chipset with 17” TFT,
server software etc.

• 2 Nos. – one Main & one hot standby.

 WORK - STATIONS
• One Work-Station to cater upto 15 RTUs.
• First Work-Station to have 3 PCs (Dual
core Intel Pentium processor at 3.2 GHz
with 19”full graphics TFT LCD type).
• Second & further Work-Stations to have
only 2 such PCs each.
• Monitor to show adjacent 3 switching
stations in full, or condensed display of
entire section.
 FRONT-END-PROCESSORS
• 2 Nos. INTEL Xeon Dual core Processor
2.0 Ghz or Higher upgradeable to dual
processing 4 cores with OEM chipset with
17” TFT, server software etc .

• It provides interface between Host Server

and Modems for communication channel,
through Ethernet LAN Hub.
 LAN
• It is a 16-port Ethernet Hub & associated
wiring between RCC Equipments.
 MODEMS
• It facilitates communication between RCC
& RTUs.
• It provides rate of data-transfer at either
600/1200 Bps or at 1200/2400 Bps.
• It may receive signal upto -43 dbm and
transmit upto -30 dbm, with 30 db gain.
 COMMUNICATION
• Communication between RCC & RTUs is
provided on one of the following medium:-
1. Underground Copper Cable – 3 pairs of multi-
drop cable with 1120 ohms impedance &
attenuation of 0.25 db/km at 800 Hz with tapping
transformers / isolating transformers provided
with surge-arresters from OFC Cable hut to
swictching stations.

Contd….
 COMMUNICATION

2. Optical Fibre Cable –

The OFC should be of
8/18/24 mono-mode fibers conforming to
CCITT Recommendation No. – G-652.

3. Microwave – It should have carrier

frequency of 18 GHz.
 SCADA SOFTWARE - SETSS
• As per RDSO Spec.No. :-
TI/SPC/RCC/SCADA/0990 – Vol-I
Issued on 24-05-2007, in order to eliminate
the problem of interchangeability of RTUs of
different makes, the Standard Electric
Traction Scada Software (SETSS) developed
by M/S CMC or own software has been
standardised for use on IR.
COMMU.PROTOCOL-SPORT

As per RDSO Spec.No.-

TI/SPC/RCC/SCADA/0990 – Vol-II
Communication Protocol for SCADA has
been standardized as – Standard Protocol
fOr Railway Traction or SPORT .
 Salient Features
• The status of telecommands, telesignals, and
measurands (RTU Parameters) is continuously
polled / updated every 3 seconds.
• SCADA provides for following Max. Nos.-
•
Control Stn. Tele- Tele- Measura
commands signals nds
TSS 24 48 8

SP/SSP 8 12 4
 TELE-COMMANDS
SN DETAILS TSS SP/SSP
1 132 / 220 KV CB 2 0
2 25 KV CB 4 0
3 25 KV INTERRUPTER 5 4
4 AUTO RECLOSE RELEASE 2 0
5 TRANSFORMER TAP CHANGER 2 0
6 INTERLOCK RELEASE REQUEST * *
7 TO DISABLE PANTO FLASHOVER RELAY 1 0
8 SPARE 8 4
9 TOTAL TELECOMMANDS 24 8
 TELE-SIGNALS
SN DETAILS TSS SP/SSP

1 110 V DC LOW / BATTERY CHARGER FAIL 1 1

2 240 V AC FAIL 1 1

3 PSU ON DC 1 1

4 PSU OVERLOADED 1 1

5 CATENARY INDICATION 4 4

6 TRANSFORMER ALARM 2 0

7 TRANSFORMER FAULT 2 0

8 TRANSFORMER TRIP CIRCUIT 110 V DC FAIL 2 0

9 TRANSFORMER ALARM CIRCUIT 110 V DC FAIL 2 0

10 FEEDER CB OPERATED ON DPR 1 0

11 FEEDER CB OPERATED ON OCR 1 0

12 FEEDER CB OPERATED ON WPC 1 0

13 FEEDER CBs OPERATED ON PANTO BRIDGING 1 0

 MEASURANDS
SN DETAILS TSS SP/SSP

1 25 KV BUS 1 2

2 FEEDER CURRENTS 2 0

3 POWER FACTOR 1 0

4 SPARE 4 2

5 TOTAL MEASURANDS 8 4
 SIRIUSTM a registered trademark of Synergy Systems & Solutions has
been developed indigenously by Synergy Systems & Solutions. It includes
all the software and hardware components required to perform functions
covering –

Data acquisition from the field Performs acquisition of Breaker status,

OHE status, Protection Relay Status,
Voltage, Current, MD, Power Factor,
etc. from the RTUs installed at sites, to
RCC
Utilizes RDSO’s SPORT protocol for
fast and efficient data acquisition at
600/1200 bps over Railways
Telecommunication network
Data processing  Checks for limit violations or error
conditions in the data acquired from
the field for generating alarms/events
– E.g., CB Tripping, OHE Failure, etc.
 Stores the acquired data in Historical
Database, for later analysis and report
generation

Taking pre-programmed  Performs calculations on acquired

intelligent control values. E.g., Average, Minimum,
actions Maximum of acquired values over a
period of time
 Performs interlock checks prior to
issuing of command, in order to
prevent operations that can cause
failures/faults in the field equipment
Displaying data in a useful  Utilizes latest graphics technology
manner to the user (OpenGL) for rendering of single line
diagrams, trends, etc.
 Flexibility in presentation of acquired
data in variety of ways – Text,
Symbols, Bar Graphs, Trends, Lists,
Dynamic Network Coloring, etc.
 Ability to view multiple graphics
simultaneously from a single
workstation
Executing control actions as  Provides Select-Before-Execute (SBE)
specified by the user commands for safe and reliable
operation of field devices (BMs, CBs,
etc.)
 Automatic Power Block facility for
granting and canceling of power
blocks, along with monitoring of
power block duration
 Automatic Fault Localization (AFL)
for locating and isolating faulty
sections during CB trips
Generation of Trends,  Utilizing the data archived in the
Reports historical database, trends of
parameters like Voltage, Current,
Instantaneous Load, Maximum
Demand, Power Factor, can be viewed
 Alarms/Events information for a
specified duration can be retrieved for
analysis of the sequence of events that
occurred at that time
 Hourly profile of voltage, current,
maximum demand, power factor, etc.
 Daily report displaying Power Blocks
Availed, Power Blocks Availed Less,
Power Blocks Burst
 Voltage Imbalance monitoring at TSS
and SP locations
 Data from trends, reports can be
exported to Microsoft Office, and
other third-party applications
 RTU SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

TO RCC
via RAILWAYS
TELECOM
230 VAC NETWORK
USING SPORT
POWER SUPPLY 12 VDC COMMUNICATION
UNIT 24 VDC PROTOCOL
110 VDC 5 VDC

RS 232 C SERIAL
COMMUNICATION MODEM
CPU E10 600/1200 BAUD
PSK/FSK MULTIDROP

POWER SBE
TRANSDUCER CARD 100 MBPS
INDUSTRIAL ETHERNET
ETHERNET INTERFACE UNIT
LAN
16 ch.
OPTO COUPLER

32 ch. 24 V DC DIGITAL
CARD
EQUIPMENT STATUS

INPUT MODULE
110 VDC TO
24 VDC

6 ch.CATENARY FAIL
2 ch. PT FUSE FAIL
230 VAC FAIL
110 VDC LOW
INDICATION CARD
DIGITAL OUTPUT MODULE
16 ch. 24 V DC, 2 A

24 VDC COIL,
110 VDC 5 A
CONTACTOR
0/110 VDC
TO 0/24 VDC FOR CONTACTOR COIL
FIELD
 REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT

CPU UNIT
POWER
SUPPLY UNIT
MODEM

DTBC D
Digital cardT
Input Card B
C
Digital Input
Ethernet unit Card

Opto Coupler Catenary

Card Unit Card
Back Side of RTU
UNIT

Output Contactor

Terminal Board
Dual hot-standby redundancy of critical components, i.e.,
Servers and Communication Front Ends.
In this configuration one computer performs all the functions as online
and the other computer is monitoring the state of online computer in
hot-standby mode.
In case the online machine suffers any kind of failure then the hot-
standby machine takes over automatically so that no functionality is
lost.
The data gathered from various RTUs is logged into history for analysis
and reporting.
This function helps in long-term analysis of data and faults, apart from
supporting MIS reports.
The system also supports trending of various analog parameters,viz.,
voltage, current etc. along with forecasting, wherever required.
In case of occurrence of any fault, the system is capable of providing
Sequence of Events list which helps in analyzing the cause of the fault.
The events are presented at millisecond resolution in chronological
order so that cause-effect analysis could easily be made.
Real-time data is presented in a flexible manner on computer screen
by making use of the latest technology for data visualization.

The data is presented in various colors where each color is assigned a

specific meaning.

Multiple operator stations have been provided so that many operators

can simultaneously interact with the system.

The system provides fool-proof SELECT-BEFORE-EXECUTE

procedure for operation of bi-state field devices.

An efficient Automatic Fault Localization scheme is part of the Master

Station Software.
The installed RTUs can support higher speeds limited only by the
band-width of the communication medium which is 600 bps in the
present case.
The newly installed SCADA system consists of 32-bit, 166MHz micro-processor
based RTU which supports fast processing of data,
multiple communication ports, 16MB flash memory for local storage,
128MB SD RAM, and intelligent application based functions.
In the remote control centre, dual hot-standby SCADA Servers have been
provided.
These servers are responsible for intelligent processing of data,
e.g., alarm/event processing, commands interlock processing, calculations etc.
Dedicated dual hot-standby communication front ends have been deployed for
interrogating the RTUs located in the field over a 600 bps communication
channel.
An efficient SPORT communication protocol makes best use of the available
band-width for reporting the field data in most efficient manner.
Six numbers of operator workstations have been provided for monitoring and
control purpose.
All the operator workstations are equivalent and could be used for performing
any operator action, provided the operator is authorized to carry out that action.
The SCADA Servers, Communication Front Ends and the Operator workstations
are industry standard computers, communicating with each other over high
speed Local Area Network.
Main Server
with the help of its modular design and distributed architecture
makes it possible to utilize its ‘core’ functionality to provide a solution
for a particular process.
Main Server could be called the brain of SIRIUS. The main server
presents a gamut of functions required in process monitoring and
control. An efficient real time database adds in enhancing the
performance of the main server.
All the input points are acquired by exception i.e. only if either their
current value or quality changes. The exception based acquisition of
data ensures that the server does not spend any time in processing
the same data again and again. Therefore, this concept helps in
maintaining server performance.
Main server is responsible for logging all the historical data on the
Historical Database Server. It provides the capability of logging
(storing) various values of interest and retrieving them later for
offline analysis.
Communication Front-End is responsible for acquiring data from all the
Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) installed in the field on one side and
communicating to the main server on the other.
Data processing in Communication Front-End involves receiving data
from field devices, performing necessary reliability checks on it,
converting it into suitable format and passing it to the main server.
Communication Front-End is responsible for receiving commands from
the main server. Both Select before Execute and Immediate Execute type
commands are supported.
Why Select Before Execute (SBE)?
There are certain RTUs which require that before the actual command is
sent to them, a sub-command called the channel select command should
be sent to them in order to ensure that the command is not executed
accidentally.
Communication Front-Ends update RTU’s state, comline’s state in the
database. Based on RTU’s current state, communication front-end might
take a decision to transfer the responsibility of polling from one
communication line to the other and similarly based on comline’s state,
Communication Front-End might switch the responsibility of polling this
comline to the redundant front end.
Man Machine Interface / Operator Workstation
Man Machine Interface (MMI) presents a graphical user interface to
show data to the users in the form of process graphics that are
configured by the users.
Easy to use interface – MMI provides easy, familiar and consistent
user interface that brings down the user’s learning curve. When a
user starts MMI, a friendly and a familiar operator interface similar
to Microsoft Windows family of operating systems is provided.
Alarms and Events – In MMI, users are provided with distributed
alarm/event management that gives complete flexibility to assess
the health of the system. MMI is capable of showing important
happenings in the system, which is called alarms and events.
Monitoring of Data – MMI presents the data in the form of process
graphics. Process graphics represent the actual process by showing
the actual layout of various equipments using graphics objects
combined with the real time process information.
Trend Analysis – MMI allows the user to analyze plotting of a point’s
value with respect to time. It helps the user to compare and analyze
statistics of the point.
Controlling the process – MMI provides a manual control facility to the
operator to control the system at run-time.
All objects fall under some security level as configured by the user.
Complete security mechanism is built in so that only authorized
operators can control an object.
Full description of the controlled object, including its current state and
the other relevant information is presented to the operator to help him
take the correct control decision.
Command failures are displayed to the operator via message box.
All user triggered command operations are logged as events.
Power Block – Using MMI, Power blocks can be provided in two ways-
Manual – It allows the Traction Power Controller (TPC) to issue
commands to each of the devices which are to be operated one by one
and then blocking each of these devices.
 Automatic – It works for sub sector only. The TPC selects
the sub sector and issues a grant power block command on
it. SCADA then automatically opens the concerned devices
for this sub-sector and blocks them.

Automatic Fault Localization – AFL (Automatic Fault

Localization) is another significant feature provided by MMI.
As its name suggests, AFL is used to locate the section
containing the fault due to which a CB tripped at a
particular Traction Sub Station (TSS). By examining the
sections under feed from a CB that tripped, AFL logic
determines the faulty section and reports it to the operator.
RTU Configuration
The Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) installed at various controlling
posts, is based on 32-bit microprocessor architecture, and a real-time
operating system kernel, for fast processing of inputs from the field.
Digital signals, e.g., breaker status, OHE status, protection relay status,
are scanned at high frequencies and are time-stamped with millisecond
accuracy.
The RTU is provided with a digital power transducer at TSS locations
for high-accuracy analogue measurements. Apart from providing
voltage and current readings, the transducer is capable for providing
power factor, frequency, energy consumption, etc. Utilizing these
inputs, the RTU provides a highly accurate rising demand, which is
acquired at RCC for efficient load management system.
For safe and reliable operation of commands, the RTU includes a
SELECT-BEFORE-EXECUTE mechanism.
The RTU is capable of communicating at baud rates of up to 115.2
Kbps, provided the communication link supports the same. Also, the
RTU is capable of communicating with multiple master stations.
 Check List for Checking Health of Communication Channel for SCADA Purpose
(for each RTU)

S. Description Instrument Value as per RDSO Remarks

N. s
Acceptable Recommen-
Range ded Range
1 Insulation resistance of Megger >10,000 >10,000 As per SCADA spec
cable at 500V(Ohm) Mohm/Km Mohm/Km clause no.4.2.1
2 Trans signal from Modem Db level 0 to –30 -3 to –20 As per SCADA spec
(RCC) (TX-dbm) meter dbm dbm spec clause no.4.5.6
(vii)
3 Receive signal at Modem ” 0 to –43 -3 to –20 As per SCADA spec
dbm dbm clause no.4.5.6 (vii)
4 Trans signal at OFC terminal ” 0 to –30 -3 to –20 As per Telecom Dte
near RCC dbm dbm note. No. STT/DC/
MUX/Prototest/
5 Receive signal at OFC ” 0 to –30 -3 to –20
245 dated 1-12-2005
terminal near to RCC dbm dbm
6 Trans signal at OFC terminal ” 0 to –30 -3 to –20
near to switching post (stn.) dbm dbm
7 Receive signal at OFC ” 0 to –30 -3 to –20
terminal near to switching dbm dbm
post (stn.)
8 Trans signal at SWS (before ” 0 to –30 -3 to –20
connect to RTU is made) dbm dbm
9 Receive signal at RTU ” 0 to –30 -3 to –20
dbm dbm
10 Signal to Noise Ratio SNR Meter >20db >20db