Lesson 9

Rizal as Reformist and a Revolutionary

 Objectives

1. To know the examples of basic

civil and political rights
2. To compare those rights during
the time of Rizal.
 Introduction
• The concept of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality and peace are
enshrined in the Philippine Constitution.
• These are only considered as Universal Principle.
• As in our Constitution, substantive civil and political rights are based on
them, legal duties limit their exercise to promote fairness to all,
responsibilities burden all with equity still on account of these principles.
 Introduction
• In the history of nations, the manner on how these principles are enjoyed
vary on basis of political status of a group of people.
• Civil and political rights were recognized and enshrined in international
conventions only in recent time.
• The convention were not yet in existence during the time of Rizal.
 Introduction
• In this part of the course, we will study the basics of civil and political
rights, to understand why colonies, like the Philippines and their people
clamour for reforms.
 Civil and Political Rights

What comes first to your mind

when you hear the words/phrase
civil and political rights?
 Civil and Political Rights defined

• Civil and political rights are a class of rights that

protect individuals' freedom from infringement by
governments, social organizations and private
individuals, and which ensure one's ability to
participate in the civil and political life of the society
and state without discrimination or repression
 Political rights
• These are rights of people to participate in government and political
processes
• Political rights include natural justice (procedural fairness) in law, such as
the rights of the accused, including the right to a fair trial; due process; the
right to seek redress or a legal remedy; and rights of participation in civil
society and politics such as freedom of association, the right to assemble,
the right to petition, the right of self-defense, and the right to vote .
 Civil rights
• Civil rights include the ensuring of peoples' physical and mental integrity,
life and safety; protection from discrimination on grounds such as race,
gender, national origin, colour, sexual orientation, ethnicity, religion, or
disability; and individual rights such as privacy, the freedoms of thought
and conscience, speech and expression, religion, the press, assembly and
movement.
 EXAMPLES OF CIVIL AND POLITICAL
RIGHTS

• right to vote
• right to a fair trial
• right to government services
• right to a public education, and
• right to use public facilities
• Right to Liberty and Security of the Person
• Right to Equal Protection Before the Law
 Examples…

• Right to Freedom of Assembly

• Rights to be Free From Torture
• Right to Freedom of Expression
• Freedom from Discrimination
• Access to the judicial system
• Participation in Political Life
 Examples
• Freedom of Religion
• Access to Information
• Right to Private and Family Life
• Property Rights
• Freedom of Movement
• Right to Seek Asylum
 Deprivation of the Filipinos
• Remember that the rights • The Filipinos were deprived of the
mentioned are fairly modern barest civil and political rights by
concepts of how the barest civil the government of Spain in the
and political rights of people must Philippines, or at least by the
be given by governments Spanish officials and
administrators, who abused their
authorities.
 Two prominent organization
• Propaganda
• Representation of the Philippines in the Spanish Cortes
• -Rights for diocesan clergy to administer parishes
(Secularization)
• -Equality of Spanish and Filipino and equal opportunity to
enter government service
• Spanish citizenship to Filipinos
• -Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain
(Assimilation)
• -Abolition of the mandatory polo y servicios and the
bandala -Recognition fo basic freedoms of people in the
Philippines
• Katipunan
• Political – independence or separation
of the Philippines from Spain
• -moral – good manners, hygiene, good
morals, and rejection of religious
fanaticism and weakness of character
• -civic – self-help and the defense of
the poor and the oppressed.
Thank you!