HIV and Common diseases

associated with HIV

14TH NOVEMBER, 2017

 AAR HEALTHCARE IN
PARTNERSHIP WITH
DREAM CENTRE
 Drug Resource Enhancement against
Aids and Malnutrition
 HIV/ AIDS
 OIs/ TB
 STIs
 PMCTC
 MALNUTRITION
 OBJECTIVES
 SUMMARY OF HIV /AIDS
 IMPORTANCE OF VCT
 VOLUNTARY COUNSELLING AND
TESTING
 In Kenya

 1,500,000 are HIV+ 934000 are adults

between 15-49
 Nairobi province has the highest number of
cases 197,000. 102,000 children under 14
have the virus.
 233 people die daily of AIDS, 82,484 die
annually.
 2.4 are orphans after their parents died.
 What is HIV
 HIV is a retro-VIRUS that causes Aids
 Largely affects the immune system
 IMMMUNE SYSTEM
 An immune system is a collection of
mechanisms within an organism that
protects against disease by identifying and
killing the disease causing pathogens. It
detects a wide variety of agents e.g. viruses,
bacteria etc
 What are CD4 T Cells?
 Play important role in immune response of
healthy individual
 Stages of CD4 cell count in HIV infection
1. Before HIV infection: 800 – 1000/mm3
2. Sero-conversion illness: ~500/mm3
3. Adaptive immune response: ~700/mm3
4. AIDS: <200/mm3
 Modes of Transmission
 Sexual contact
– Male-to-female, female-to-male, male-to-male, and female-
to-female
 Parenteral
– Blood transfusion, IDU through needle-sharing, needle stick
accidents
 Perinatal
– In utero, during labor/delivery, postpartum through BF
Worldwide, sexual transmission is the predominant mode
HIV cannot be transmitted by casual contact, surface
contact, or insect bites
 Factors Increasing HIV
Transmission
 High Viral load in the infecting person
 Lowered Immune status of the recipient
 Presence of genital ulcers, abrasions
 Lack of circumcision (male)
 Multiple sexual partners
 Specific sexual practice – anal sex
 Age of the recipient – very young and very old
 Type of the HIV strain infecting recipient
 Prevention of HIV
 Early recognition of S.T.Is and improved
health seeking behaviour.
 Better and prompt treatment of S.T.Is
 Sexual abstinence or delayed onset of sex
especially in adolescents
 Fewer (1) sexual partners
 Safe sex practices e.g. correct use of
condoms
Cont
 Promotion of male circumcision
 Make use of VCTs
 Supportive social environment to sustain
behaviour change
 Reduced stigma and discrimination against
people living with HIV
 IN SUMMARY WE ALL KNOW
ABOUT THE BASIC A;B;C
 I.e
 ABSTAIN
 BEING FAITHFUL
 CONDOM USE
 Sexually transmitted
infections.
 Gonorrhea:-Yellowish discharge; dysuria
 Syphilis: Penile/ vaginal ulcer
 Herpes simplex(genital).
 Warts.
 EARLY RECOGNITION AND
TREATMENT IS VERY
IMPORTANT
 CLINICAL FEATURES.

 Primary infection.
1. Symptoms are mild,ranging from flu like.
2. Window of seroconversion:time period
from where the person was infected until
HIV antibodies can be detected. HIV test
may be negative at this time.
3. On average it takes 4-12 wks for
seroconversion
 Asymptomatic phase
 This period whereby one is healthy may
take as long as 12yrs (shorter in some
people).
 Transmission quite high during this period
because one doesn’t know they have HIV
and they look very healthy
 SYMPTOMATIC STAGE

 Presents with a wide range of symptoms:-

 Lymphadenopathy
 Diarrhea.
 Skin conditions.
 Persistent fatigue
 Persistent fever
 Recurrent chest infections etc
 AIDS

 Symptomatic conditions attributed to HIV

infection(AIDS defining disease)
 Commonly present as opportunistic
infections (i.e. they take opportunity that
the body's immune status is low)
 OIs are different depending on the CD4
level
 Kapsosis Sarcoma
 HIV related kapsosis
sarcoma(acutenous skin
lesion that looks like a
bruise later will turn dark Sarcoma
Kapsosis
violet or black
 Invades body
organs,extremities,skin,
and torso.
 May become very painful.
 TUBERCULOSIS (TB)
 TB is very common in HIV positive persons
 Anyone treated for TB is advised to have
VCT done.
 Untreated TB is a common cause of death
in HIV positive individuals
 Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Clinical Presentation

 Cough for >2 weeks

 Fever
 Night sweats
 Weight loss
 Chest pain
 DIAGNOSIS
 SPUTUM TEST
 CHEST X RAY
 TREATMENT

TB IS CURABLE!!!!!!!
And TREATMENT IS
FREE
 6 MONTHS TREATMENT
 If diagnosed positive
 Start of prophylactic therapy (CTX / MV)
 Clinical evaluation & Staging
 Laboratory evaluation= CD4, VL etc
 Start HAART (ARVs) if necessary
 Regular clinical and lab reviews to monitor
condition
 VCT

VOLUNTARY
COUNSELLING AND
TESTING
 END

THANK YOU
AND TAKE
CARE!!!