Hallmark Assignment

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 Introduction
 Investigating cardiovascular health in older adults.
 Overview of aging cardiovascular system.
 Age-related arterial changes.
 Links to common cardiac conditions.
 Improving older adults' cardiovascular health.
Overview of Health Conditions Among Older Adults(Slide 1)
 Aging & Health Issues: Cardiovascular
 Hyperlipidemia & Heart Risks
 Hypertension & Stroke Risk
 COPD & Respiratory Problems
 Importance of Cardiovascular Health
 Improving Elderly Longevity & Quality
 Overview of Health Conditions Among Older Adults (Slide 2)

 Older adults: higher cardiovascular risks.

 Hypertension: risk for heart disease.
 Coronary artery disease: narrowed vessels.
 Heart failure: fatigue, shortness.
 Arrhythmias: irregular heart rhythms.
 Healthy lifestyle: risk reduction.
 Cardiovascular System in Older Adults (Slide 1)

 Aging causes arterial stiffness.

 Decreased vessel compliance, increased resistance.
 Loss of cardiac muscle elasticity.
 Reduced cardiac output, heart rate reserve.
 Changes in heart conduction system.
 Endothelial dysfunction affects vascular function.
 Cardiovascular System in Older Adults (Slide 2)
 Aging and cardiovascular health.
 Increased atherosclerosis risk.
 Reduced cardiac reserve.
 Vulnerability to stress/exertion.
 Higher risk of heart failure.
 Impact on blood pressure/heart rate.
 Factors Contributing to Changes in the Myocardium
(Slide 1)
 Myocardial changes influenced by aging.
 Oxidative stress a significant factor.
 Cellular damage from oxidative stress.
 Cardiac dysfunction due to remodeling.
 Chronic inflammation impacts heart
health.
 Targeted therapies for cardiovascular
health.

(Cristian Stătescu et al., 2022)

 Factors Contributing to Changes in the Myocardium (Slide 2)
 Myocardial changes with aging:
Structural and functional impact
 Myocardial hypertrophy: Heart cell
enlargement
 Fibrosis: Excessive connective tissue
buildup
 Decreased contractility and
relaxation
 Risk of heart failure
 Importance of focused interventions.

(Britannica, 2023)
Age-Associated Changes in Arterial Structure and Function (Slide 1)
 Aging impacts arterial structure.
 Arterial stiffening and atherosclerosis.
 Reduced compliance, higher resistance.
 Myocardial infarction, coronary disease.
 Affects beta-adrenergic receptors, arrhythmias.
 Understanding age-related arterial changes.
 Age-Associated Changes in Arterial Structure
and Function (Slide 2)
 Aging impacts arterial health.
 Arterial stiffening and atherosclerosis.
 Elevated pulse pressure risks.
 Reduced arterial compliance affects pumping.
 Increased vascular resistance with aging.
 Atherosclerosis leads to plaque buildup.
 Summary and Concluding Statements
 Hypеrlіpіdemia & Hypеrtеnsіon in Older Adults
 Agіng-Related Cardіovascular Changеs
 Athеrosclеrosіs & Cardіac Rеsеrvе Declіne
 Risks of Heart Faіlure
 Individualized Intеrvеntіons & Evidеnce-Based Practіces
 Proactive Strategіеs for Agіng Population
 References
Cristian Stătescu, Anghel, L., Bogdan-Sorin Tudurachi, Andreea Leonte, Benchea, L., & Radu-Andy Sascău. (2022). Myocardial
Infarction. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169168
Fleg,J. L., & Strait, J. (2023). Age-associated changes in cardiovascular structure and function. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-
011-9270-2
National Institute on Aging. (2018). Heart Health and Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/heart-health-and-aging
Rodgers, J. L., Jones, J., Bolleddu, S. I., Vanthenapalli, S., Rodgers, L. E., Shah, K., ... & Panguluri, S. K. (2019).
Cardiovascular risks associated with gender and aging. Journal of cardiovascular development and disease, 6(2), 19.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd6020019
Turcotte, D. A., Woskie, S., Gore, R., Chaves, E., & Adejumo, K. L. (2019). Asthma, COPD, and home environments:
interventions with older adults. Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, 122(5), 486-491.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2019.02.026
US Preventive Services Task Force, Curry, S. J., Krist, A. H., Owens, D. K., Barry, M. J., Caughey, A. B., Davidson, K. W.,
Doubeni, C. A., Epling, J. W., Jr, Kemper, A. R., Kubik, M., Landefeld, C. S., Mangione, C. M., Silverstein, M., Simon, M. A.,
Tseng, C. W., & Wong, J. B. (2018). Risk Assessment for Cardiovascular Disease With Nontraditional Risk Factors: US
Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA, 320(3), 272–280. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.8359