Dr / ghada salah ahmed

MD Pharmacology
2022
Sympathomimetic
Adrenergic transmission
Adrenergic drugs
 Dopamine

Kinetics :

• Natural catecholamine.
• Not orally , not BBB
• By IV infusion ( 2.5-10 ug/kg/min).
Mechanism of actions :

1- Direct on dopamine receptors:

* D1 group ( D1,D5) : Gs cAMP
(peripheral actions ).

* D2 group ( D2,D3,D4) : Gi cAMP

( central actions : antiparkinsonian effect).

* presynaptic D receptors release of ch.

Transmitters.

2- dual : ( direct ,indirect)through release

of NA.
 Peripheral actions of dopamine

Small doses DA : stimulate D1 receptors

VD ( renal , mesenteric , coronary).
 α- Agonists
* vasopressors : used in treatment of hypotension
noradrenaline
phenylephrine
methoxamine
midodrine

** nasal decongestant :
Systemic: Phenylephrine , Pseudoephedrine
Topical : Naphazoline , Oxymetazoline
• Generalized VC hypertension
 Topical NASAL
DECONGESTANT
Naphazoline
Oxymetazoline
xylometazoline

** Non catecholamines long duration

** AE: rebound congestion

anosmia
 Actions :
• β2 stimulation cAMP Ca
* Bronchodilatation
* Decrease bronchial secretion
* Mast cell stabilization

- Relax wall of GIT , Urinary & Uterus.

- V.D in Skeletal , Mesenteric vessels.
- Hypokalemia , release of insulin , Glycogenollysis
 β2 - Agonists

* Vasodilators : used in PVD ( Isoxsuprine)

* uterine relaxants (Tocolytics) : Ritodrine

* Bronchodilators (β2 - stimulants) :

- Non selective : Adrenaline , Isoprenaline
- Selective : SABA , LABA, Ultra
LABA
• SABA : Salbutamol , Terbutaline
3-4h (short duration)

• LABA : Salmetrol , Formoterol , Fenoterol

12-24 h (long duration )

• Ultra LABA : Vilanterol

24h
USES :
** BA
** Uterine relaxant
** CHF
Side effEcts

• Tacycardia
• Tolerance
• Tremors
• Tension